Ethical and Social Impact of Computer Vision and

Ethical and Social Impact of Computer Vision and Image Recognition Robert Andrew Conrad Thomas Scott Fulton

History of Computer Vision, Image Recognition and Artificial Intelligence Computer Vision ● ● Broad definition of images being analysed by computers Includes specific techniques such as facial recognition, image processing Coined in the 60’s by Larry Roberts Can included techniques of artificial intelligence including machine learning, but is not limited to

Case Study 1: Ethical Concerns Invasion of Privacy ● ● ● Face++ is a Beijing based company The Chinese government recently raised 460 million dollars in support of them Police plan to use this, and other facial recognition software, to be able to track criminals wherever they can go The end goal is to be able to predict crimes before they happen by analyzing movement patterns Is the possibility of wrongfully arresting someone ethical?

Case Study 2: Ethical Concerns Job Replacements Cashiers, (Amazon Go) ● ● ● According to Canadian 2016 Census, more than 2 million people work in retail, and 3. 3% of working women work as cashiers Computer vision has allowed Amazon Go to become a “line free” store with the removal of cashiers System uses computer vision to detect who grabs what items in real time. How does this affect the economy? With the potential removal of thousands of jobs, is this ethical? ?

Case Study 3: Social impact Identifying Image Processing Sexuality guessing algorithms ● ● Stanford University claims to develop an AI with above 70% accuracy to “detect probability of guessing sexuality” How does this affect society? How can this be used by people? What impact does the creation of this have? Average Rating of African-Americans Racially biased Softwares ● ● A computer vision used rank risk of re-offence ranked the risk of african american higher on average than caucasian The error rate of high ranked people who reoffend was double that of caucasians How does this affect society? How can this be avoided? Average Rating of Caucasians

Case 4: Social Impact Image Modification ● ● Computer vision used to modify an image or video by superimposing another persons face on it Came into the public eye in early 2018 with Fake. App What are the issues that stem from this? Is it preventable?

Potential Solutions Standards ● ● IEEE Global initiative on Ethics and Autonomous and Intelligent Systems Autonomous justice league Best Practice ● IBM Watson ethics research

Discussion ● Any Questions?