Este material est diseado para funcionar de formas

Este material está diseñado para funcionar de formas distintas: Como apoyo a la enseñanza del maestro para presentar el tema en clase, después de hacer una actividad de “lead in” como introducción al tema. Como apoyo al proceso de auto-aprendizaje del alumno, ya que se puede montar el material en una plataforma de aprendizaje en línea como “Edmodo” y pedir a los estudiantes que estudien el material antes de la clase para “invertirla” como en el modelo pedagógico -flipped classroom - para que se ahorre tiempo presencial y en clase se disipen dudas y se practique su uso con actividades y ejercicios significativos. Como material de referencia y consulta para que el alumno lo utilice cuando así lo requiera. Guía de uso

Justificación Académica En el Centro de Enseñanza de Lenguas no contamos con programas de estudio, se utilizan los libros de texto como programas de estudio y son los que apoyan y dirigen el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. El libro que se lleva es el English File Elementary Third Edition, que se encuentra dividido por Files en lugar de unidades. En los Files 7 A, 7 B y 7 C se ve los temas de “ past simple of be, past simple: regular verbs and past simple: irregular verbs”, por lo que este material se diseñó para apoyar dichos temas gramaticales. Esta presentación se puede utilizar en lugar de revisar la sección de “grammar bank” que dicho libro trae o complemento si para el alumno el tema resultara muy complicado.

Past simple: Verb to be Regular verbs Irregular verbs MATE RIA L DIDÁCTICO DE TIPO VIS UAL DIS EÑADO POR: LT MARTHA ARELIS GO NZÁ LE Z ME JÍA MATE RIA L FOR ELEMENTA RY LEARNERS O F ENG LISH. 2 ND LEVEL OF ENGLISH. CELE

was and were are both past tenses of the verb to be. The verb be is a difficult one because it is an irregular verb and one that we use with great frequency. Was is used in the first person singular (I) and the third person singular (he, she, it). Were is used in the second person singular and plural (you, yours) and first and third person plural (we, they). Past simple: verb to be

Past simple: verb to be Singular = I was, You were, He was, She was, It was Plural = We were, You were, They were Examples He was born in 2001. She was at the roller rink. It was a great time. We were in the right place.

To Be - Affirmative Verb to be Grammar structure Subject I You He She It We You To Be was were was was were They were Examples I was tired this morning. You were very good. He was the best in his class. She was late for work. It was a sunny day. We were at home. You were on holiday. They were happy with their test results.

was / were They were on holiday She was late for work

To Be - Negative Sentences The negative of To Be can be made by adding not after the verb (was or were). Verb to be Grammar structure Subject I You He She It We You They To Be was not were not was not were not Examples I was not tired this morning. You were not crazy. He was not married. She was not famous. It was not hot yesterday. We were not invited. You were not at the party. They were not friends.

To Be - Negative Contractions We can make negative contractions of the verb To Be in the Past tense by joining the verb (was or were) and n't (e. g. were not = weren't). Verb to be How to make negative contractions I was not tired this morning. You were not crazy. He was not married. She was not famous. It was not hot yesterday. We were not invited. You were not at the party. They were not friends. OR OR I wasn't tired this morning. You weren't crazy. He wasn't married. She wasn't famous. It wasn't hot yesterday. We weren't invited. You weren't at the party. They weren't friends.

Examples We weren’t invited to the party. He wasn’t married

To Be - Questions To create questions with To Be, you put the Verb before the Subject Verb to be How to make questions Affirmative I was late You were sick. He was surprised. She was from Italy. It was a big house. We were ready. You were early. They were busy. Question Was I late? Were you sick? Was he surprised? Was she from Italy? Was it a big house? Were we ready? Were you early? Were they busy? Before the verb you can also have a WH- Question word (Why, Who, What, Where etc. ) Were you happy? Yes, I was. Why were you happy? Because I was promoted at work.

Examples Were you happy in the morning? Yes, I was Why were you happy? Because I was with my mom!

To Be - Short Answers In spoken English, we usually give short answers in response to questions. Giving short answers With To Be, We don't use contractions in affirmative short answers. Was he from Japan? - Yes, he was (from Japan). The last part (from Japan) is not necessary. We use shorts answers to avoid repetition, when the meaning is clear. Question Was I late? Were you sick? Was he surprised? Was she from Italy? Was it a big house? Were we ready? Were you early? Were they busy? Short Answers** Yes, you were. Yes, I was. Yes, he was. Yes, she was. Yes, it was. Yes, we were. Yes, they were. Short Answers No, you weren't. No, I wasn't. No, he wasn't. No, she wasn't. No, it wasn't. No, we weren't. No, they weren't.

We have two different types of verbs in English: Regular and irregular. Let’s see the regular ones first The simple past is formed using the verb + ed. Past simple: Regular verbs The simple past is a verb tense which is used to show that a completed action took place at a specific time in the past. The simple past is also frequently used to talk about past habits and generalizations Questions are made with did and negative forms are made with did not. Statement: You called Debbie. Question: Did you call Debbie? Negative: You did not call Debbie.

Past simple: regular verbs Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer. He lived from 1756 to 1791. He started composing at the age of five years old and wrote more than 600 pieces of music. He was only 35 years old when he died. The verbs "was, lived, started, wrote, died" are in the simple past tense. Notice that: • lived, started, died are regular past forms. • was, wrote are irregular past forms. Regular verbs: The verbs "lived, started, died" are regular past forms. Verb + ed

Examples: Past simple The infinitive The simple past lived Regular verbs started died visited played watched phoned marry married

Verbs ending in a. . . 1. silent e close = closed die = died phone = phoned Past simple Spelling rules 2. vowel + y play = played destroy = destroyed show = showed 3. consonant + y 4. other forms marry = married carry = carried study = studied visit = visited miss = missed watch = watched finish = finished fix = fixed buzz = buzzed 1. Regular verbs ending in a silent e take /-d/ in the simple past and past participle: Example: close=closed 2. Regular verbs ending in a vowel + y take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle: Example: play=played 3. Regular verbs ending in a consonant + y take /-ied/ in the simple past and past participle (the ' y' becomes an ' i' followed by /-ed/) Example: marry=married 4. All the other regular verbs take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle. Example: visit=visited

Special cases of the -ed forms: Follow these rules when there is a consonant after a vowel (stop, ban, open, offer. . . ) Past simple Spelling rules If there is a consonant after a stressed vowel at the end of the word, double the consonant stop – stopped ban - banned swap - swapped If the vowel is not stressed, we do not double it: open - opened (Here the stress is on'o', not the 'e'. ) offer - offered ( Here the stress is on 'o', not the 'e'. ) In British English we double the last 'l' of words like travel, cancel and level even though the last vowel is not stressed. Here are some examples: travel - travelled cancel - cancelled level - levelled marvel - marvelled

Past simple: irregular verbs There is no rule for these verbs. You should learn them by memory. The infinitive The simple past be was/were write wrote come came do did meet met speak spoke

Irregular verb forms can not be predicted, that's why you should learn them by heart. The best way to deal with them is as follows: Irregular verbs Use them in appropriate contexts (in your writing or in your conversation) Write down examples in your exercise book. Always keep a list of irregular verbs. (Note that most language books include a section at the end for irregular verbs. )

Some useful irregular verbs Infinitive Simple Past Tense Past Participle awake awoken be was, were been bear bore born beat become became become begin began begun

Some useful irregular verbs cast catch caught choose chosen do did done draw drew drawn dreamed / dreamt drive drove driven drink drank drunk eat ate eaten fall fell fallen

Some useful irregular verbs get gotten give gave given go went gone earn learned / learnt leave left lend lent let let lose lost make made meant meet met

Past simple: Grammar structure The Affirmative form of the simple past: I, you, he, she, it, we, they played. wrote did. Examples: • I played tennis with my friends yesterday. • I finished lunch and I did my homework.

Past simple: Grammar structure The interrogative form of the simple past: Did (Auxiliary verb) I, you, he, she, it, play? we, they write do? Examples: • Did you play basketball yesterday? • Did you watch television? • Did you do the homework?

Past simple: Grammar structure The negative form of the simple past: I, you, he, she, did not/didn’t it, we, they (auxiliary verb + not) play write do • I didn't like the food served in the wedding party last Saturday. • I didn't eat it.

Finished events in the past William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. Christoph Columbus discovered America in 1492. Simple past Uses He kissed her and left. Past habitual action I visited them every day for a year. I drove to work every day when I worked with that company. Events that were true for some time in the past He lived in Paris for 20 years. They talked on the phone for ten minutes.

It’s important to understand that the verb to be doesn’t need another auxiliary verb to make questions or negative sentences. This is a full verb. Past simple Verb to be vs other verbs Important Did is an auxiliary verb to make questions and negative sentences in past, but we don’t use it if we have the verbs was or were in the sentences Compare: They were hungry yesterday. Affirmnative sentence Were they hungry yesterday? Interrogative sentence Yes, they were or No they weren’t Short answers They weren’t hungry yesterday Negative sentence They ate a lot of food yesterday Affirmative sentence Did they eat a lot yesterday? Interrogative sentence Yes they did or Not they didn’t short answers They didn’t eat a lot yesterday Negative sentence

Past simple Thanks so much! I hope you find this material really useful

Bibliografía y Mesografía Selignson Paul and Oxenden Clive (2016). English File Elementary. Oxford United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. My English pages. com. (s/f). Simple past. Sitio web. Recuperado de https: //www. myenglishpages. com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-simple-past. php 27 de septiembre de 2019. Writing explained. (s/f). Past to be. Sitio web. Recuperado de https: //writingexplained. org/was-vs-weredifference 27 de septiembre de 2019 Woodward English (s/f). Grammar Past to be. Recuperado de https: //www. grammar. cl/Past/To_Be. htm 27 de septiembre de 2019