Essentials of Organizational Behavior 10e Stephen P Robbins

Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 10/e Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge Chapter 1 Introduction to Organizational Behavior Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -1

After reading this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define organizational behavior (OB). 2. Explain the value of the systematic study of OB. 3. Identify the contributions made to OB by major behavioral science disciplines. 4. Describe how OB concepts can help make organizations more productive. 5. List the major challenges and opportunities for managers to use OB concepts. 6. Identify the three levels of analysis in OB. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -2

KEY WORDS, VOCABULARY • • Organizational Behavior – p. 2 Absenteeism – p. 2 Employment turnover – p. 2 Systematic study – p. 3 Evidence-based management – p. 3, 4 Intuition – p. 4 Psychology – p. 4 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -3

KEY WORDS, VOCABULARY • • Social Psychology Sociology – p. 5 Anthropology – p. 6 Contingency variables – p. 6 Diversity – p. 7, 8 Globalization – p. 7 Organizational Scholarship – p. 12 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -4

DISCUSSION QUESTION What do you think is the cause of the biggest problems for managers? 1. Poor communication 2. Employees lack of motivation, not working hard enough 3. Conflicts between team members 4. Employees resisting, not wanting to change 5. People problems Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -5

The Field of Organizational Behavior p. 2 Organizational Behavior studies the influence that individuals, groups and organizational structure have on behavior within organizations. Its main goal is to apply that knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -6

DISCUSSION QUESTION What are the 3 things that influence behavior in an organization: 1. Individuals 2. Groups 3. Organizational Structure Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -7

Focal Points of OB • • Jobs Work Absenteeism Employment turnover Productivity Human performance

Complementing Intuition with p. 3, 4 Systematic 系统的 (Xìtǒng de) Study • Intuition: the “gut feeling” explanation of behavior. • Systematic study improves ability to be able to predict behavior. § Assumes behavior is not random. § Fundamental consistencies determine behavior. § These can be identified to reflect individual differences. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -9

Systematic Study p. 3 • Examines relationships. • Attempts to find causes and effects. • Bases conclusions on scientific evidence: § On data gathered under controlled conditions. § Data is measured and interpreted in a certain manner. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -10

Evidence-Based Management p. 3, 4 • Works with systematic study. • Bases decisions on the best available scientific evidence. • Forces managers to become more scientific in their thinking. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -11

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field Micro: The Individual p. 5 Psychology Social Psychology Macro: Groups & Organizations Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Sociology Anthropology 1 -12

The contributions made to OB by major behavioral science disciplines are: Psychology – Looks at individual behavior Social Psychology – People’s influence on one another. Sociology – People in relation to their environment or organizational culture. Anthropology – Behavior of people from different cultures and countries Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -13

Few Absolutes in OB p. 6 • Impossible to make simple and accurate assumptions or generalizations • Human beings are complex and diverse • OB concepts must reflect situational conditions: contingency variables Input “A” Condition “C” Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Behavior “B” 1 -14

Challenges and Opportunities for OB p. 6, 7 • The workplace contains a wide mix of cultures, races, ethnic groups, genders and ages, known as Workplace Diversity • Employees have to learn to cope or deal with rapid change due to global competition • Corporate loyalty has decreased due to corporate downsizing and use of temp workers • Managers can benefit from OB theory and concepts Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -15

Responding to Globalization p. 7 • Increased foreign assignments § Differing needs and aspirations in workforce • Working with people from different cultures § Domestic motivational techniques and managerial styles may not work • Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -16

Managing Workforce Diversity p. 7, 8 Workforce diversity: organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -17

Diversity Implications “Managers have to shift their thinking from treating everyone alike to recognizing differences and responding to the differences in ways that keep employees and make them more productive while, at the same time, not discriminating (not choosing one over another). ” Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -18

OB Offers Insights Into: p. 9 • Improving quality and productivity • Customer service and building a customerresponsive culture • Developing people skills Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -19

OB Aids in Dealing With: p. 9, 10 • Stimulating Innovation and Change • Increasing “temporariness” in the workplace • Helping employees balance work-life conflicts • Improving ethical behavior Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -20

Thinking Positive p. 11, 12 • Creating a positive work environment can be a competitive advantage • Positive Organizational Scholarship (Positive OB): § Examines how organizations develop human strengths, create excitement and not giving up, and encourage, unlock potential. § Focus is on employee strengths, not their weaknesses. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -21

Three Levels of OB Analysis p. 12 Chapters 14 - 16 Chapters 8 -

Implications for Managers p. 13 OB helps with: 1. Improving people skills 2. Valuing workforce diversity 3. Empowering people and creating a positive work environment 4. Dealing with labor shortages 5. Coping in a world of temporariness 6. Creating an ethical workplace Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -23

Keep in Mind… OB’s goal is to understand predict human behavior in organizations. • Fundamental consistencies underlie behavior. • It is more important than ever to learn OB concepts. • Both managers and employees must learn to cope with temporariness. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -24

Chapter 1 Summary 1. Organizational Behavior (OB) studies the influence that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations. The main goal is to apply that knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. 2. The value of the systematic study of OB is that it examines relationships rather than assuming that behavior is “whatever happens. ” The study attempts to look for cause and effects. Conclusions about behavior is based on data gathered under controlled situations and is measured systematically. There is a reason for why people behave like they do. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -25 P P T 1. 6

Chapter 1 Summary The contributions made to OB by major behavioral science disciplines are: Psychology – Looks at individual behavior Social Psychology – People’s influence on one another. Sociology – People in relation to their environment or organizational culture. Anthropology – Behavior of people from different cultures and countries 3. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -26

Chapter 1 Summary 4. OB concepts can help make organizations be more productive, improve quality, customer service and people skills. 5. Major challenges and opportunities for managers Include: Diversity which includes working with: people from different cultures, race, religion, gender and age Corporate downsizing – more use of temporary workers. Less loyalty or commitment from the employer and also for the employee. Globalization – more foreign assignments, jobs moving to different countries, different cultures Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -27

Chapter 1 Summary 6. The three levels of OB analysis move from the Individual level of behavior to the Group level of behavior and up to the Organizational System level, or Culture. Slide 17 for the picture. This is what we will be covering during this course Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -28

Class Activity: Self Esteem Animal Perceptions • • Lion Dog Parrot Elephant Copyright ©

Homework Assignment • • • Complete a personality test. Go to tg. chouti. com and write down your 4 letters and bring to class. You can read more about your personality type by clicking on this link: http: //www. truity. com/view/types © Prentice Hall 2006 6 -13

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 -31