Essentials of Geology Rock Groups 5 th Edition

Essentials of Geology Rock Groups 5 th Edition Stephen Marshak INTERLUDE A Enhanced Art Slides prepared by: Brian Zimmer Appalachian State University

EARTH 5 Figure A. 1 A Rock Is Coherent Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 2 d A Rock Is Natural Manufactured Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 1 b A Rock Is an Aggregate of Minerals Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 1 a Cement Holds Rocks Together Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 1 b Interlocking Crystals Hold Rocks Together Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 3 a Rocks Are Classified By Their Origin Igneous rock forms from molten material. Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 3 b Sedimentary rocks form by cementation or precipitation. Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 3 c Metamorphic rocks form from pre-existing rocks due to changes in temperature and/or pressure. Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 4 Rock-Forming Environments Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 5 a, b Physical Characteristics of Rocks Grain size is variable. Grain shape is variable. Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 5 b Composition can be variable within the same outcrop. Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 6 Layering is defined by the difference in grain size. Foliation is defined by the difference in mineral composition. Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

EARTH 5 Figure A. 8 a Studying Rocks are studied at various scales. Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 7 a Rock hammer used for its intended purpose Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 7 b Hand Sample Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 7 c Hand Lens Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 8 a, b Making Thin Sections Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 8 c, d Petrographic Microscope Thin section viewed in polarized light. Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Figure A. 9 Electron Microprobe Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

EARTH 5 Figure A. 10 b X-Ray Defractometer (XRD) Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Think–Pair–Share A geologist working in the field finds an outcrop of rock with layers in it. Since all three classes of rock can contain layers, how can the geologist determine if the rock is igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic? Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Think–Pair–Share In the late 1700 s, the Neptunists and Plutonists vigourously debated the origin of rocks. Think about where you live. a) What observations of rocks and geology can you make to support each of these views? b) What observations of rocks and geology show why the Plutonists won the debate? Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Interlude A Photo Credits • • 1 2 -3 4 5 • 6 • • • 7 -9 13 14 -17 19 20 21 Photos 12 / Alamy (both): Stephen Marshak sciencephotos/Alamy (left): Stephen Marshak; (center): Courtesy David W. Houseknecht, USGS (left): sciencephotos/Alamy; (center): Courtesy of Kent Ratajeski, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, U of Wisconsin, Madison Stephen Marshak (left): Tom Bean; (right): Stephen Marshak (all): Stephen Marshak (left): Stephen Marshak; (right): Scenics & Science / Alamy Product photo courtesy of JEOL, USA Courtesy of Joseph H. Reibenspies, Texas A & M University Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

W. W. Norton & Company Independent and Employee-Owned This concludes the Norton Media Library Enhanced Art Slide Set for Interlude A Essentials of Geology 5 th Edition (2016) by Stephen Marshak Enhanced Art Slides prepared by Brian Zimmer Appalachian State University Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.