Essential Standard 1 00 n Understand the bodys
Essential Standard 1. 00 n Understand the body’s systems of support and movement. n
Objective 1. 02 n Remember the structures of the skeletal system. n
Essential Questions n n n What is the process of bone formation? What are the structures of the long bones? What are the structures of the skeletal system?
Skeletal System n n 206 bones – primary component of skeleton Functions 1. Supports body and provides shape 2. Protects internal organs 3. Movement and anchorage of muscles 4. Mineral storage (Calcium, Vitamin D, and Phosphorus) 5. Hemopoiesis-the process of blood cell formation in the red bone morrow
Bone Formation Osteoblasts: cells which develop into bone or secrete substances producing bony tissue; bone-forming cell Osteocytes: Mature bone cells Osteoblast -->osteocyte 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 5
Bone Formation n Ossification – the process of making new bone material by cells called osteoblasts. n n n Synonymous with bone tissue formation Hardening into a bony structure Minerals replace previously formed cartilage. Infants bones are soft and pliable because of incomplete ossification. As bones ossify, they become hard. 6
Types of Bones Long Bones n n n • • those that are longer than they are wide subjected to most of the load during daily activities Found in the arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers toes Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Metacarpals, Metatarsals, Phalanges 7
Types of Bones n Flat Bones n • • bones whose principal requirement is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment. Bones of the skull/cranium, ribs, chest, hip Cranium, sternum, ribs, scapula, ilium 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 8
Types of Bones n Irregular Bones n n n bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as any other bone. Spine Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, mandible, hyoid 9
Types of Bones n Short Bones n n n designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement. Wrist and ankle Carpals, Tarsals 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 10
1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 11
Structure of Long Bone n n Diaphysis – shaft Epiphysis – ends Periosteum –outside covering of long bone Endosteum- inner lining of long bone 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 12
Structure of Long Bone n Shaft (diaphysis) is made of compact bone (DENSE bone) the ends (epiphysis) are spongy bone (POROUS bone). n Ends contain red marrow where red blood cells are made 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 13
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Review Question n n Mature A. B. C. D. bone cells are called: Osteoblasts Osteocytes Red blood cells Fontanels 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 15
Review Question n n The bone forming cells are: A. diaphysis B. periosteum C. osteoblasts D. osteocytes 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 16
Review Question n n Which minerals are stored in the skeletal system? A. Vitamins C and E B. Vitamin D and Calcium C. Folic Acid and Vitamin C D. Vitamins A and D 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 17
Review Question n n Dense bone is called compact bone and porous bone is called: A. Bone Marrow B. Cartilage C. Spongy Bone D. Soft Bone 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 18
Review Question n n The primary component of the Skeleton is: A. Synovial Fluid B. Cartilage C. Bone D. Ligament 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 19
Review Question n n The shaft of the long bone is called the: A. Medulla B. Periosteum C. Epiphysis D. Diaphysis 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 20
Review Question n n Bones are classified based on shape. What are the four basic shapes of bones: A. Round, long, flat, and short B. Irregular, short, flat, triangular C. Short, oval, long, and flat D. Long, flat, irregular, short 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 21
Review Question n n The outer covering of the bone is the: A. Cartilage B. Diaphysis C. Epiphysis D. Periosteum 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 22
Review Question n n The process of bone hardening when minerals replace previously formed cartilage is known as: A. Osteocyte B. Articular Cartilage C. Ossification D. Endosteum 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 23
Review Question n n Hemopoiesis, mineral storage, movement, protection, and support are all functions of which body system? A. Endocrine System B. Integumentary C. Muscular D. Skeletal 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 24
Review Question n n The inner lining of the long bone is the: A. diaphysis B. endosteum C. epiphysis D. periosteum 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 25
Review Question n n The end of the long bone is the: A. diaphysis B. endosteum C. epiphysis D. periosteum 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 26
Review Question n Cindy has a dislocated shoulder. Her doctor has recommended six weeks of physical therapy. This will impact which function of the skeletal system? n n n A. Hemopoiesis B. Mineral storage C. Movement D. Protection 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 27
Review Question n Major organs of the body are located within the skull, ribs, and pelvis. What function of the skeletal system do these structures perform? n n n A. Hemopoiesis B. Mineral storage C. Movement D. Protection 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 28
1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 29
1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 30
1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 31
Axial Skeleton n n n Skull Cranium Maxilla Mandible Spinal Column Sternum Ribs
Axial Skeleton - Skull n Skull frontal view n n n Cranium Maxilla Mandible 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 33
Axial Skeleton- Vertebral Column n n Spinal / Vertebral column Cervical -7 Thoracic -12 Lumbar -5 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 34
• Axial Skeleton- Ribs and Sternum Ribs and sternum – Sternum (breastbone) – – Manubrium Body Xiphoid process 12 pairs of ribs – – – 7 true (1 -7) 3 false (8 -10) 2 floating (11 -12)
Appendicular Skeleton 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 36
Appendicular skeleton n n Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius and ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges (fingers) Pelvis Ilium/Iliac Crest Femur n n n Tibia and Fibula Patella Tarsal bones Calcaneus Metatarsals Phalanges (toes)
Appendicular Skeleton- Upper Extremity 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 38
Appendicular Skeleton – Pelvic Girdle and Lower Extremity 39
n The medical term for the finger bones is?
Appendicular Skeleton n Pelvis 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 42
Appendicular Skeleton n n Pelvic girdle Compare the male and female pelvis. 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system Copyright Pearson Education, Inc. 43
Review Question n n Bones of the skull, spine, and chest make up the: A. Appendicular Skeleton B. Axial Skeleton C. Dorsal Skeleton D. Ventral Skeleton 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 44
Review Question n n The largest bone in the body is the: A. Femur B. Pelvis C. Scapula D. Sternum 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 45
Review Question n n Chewing involves the use of which movable skull bone? A. Maxilla B. Mandible C. Zygomatic D. Parietal 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 46
Review Question n n The medical term for the finger bones is: A. Carpals B. Phalanges C. Tarsals D. Ulnas 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 47
Review Question n n The medical term for the knee-cap is the: A. Patella B. Tarsal C. Calcaneous D. Tibial Crest 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 48
Review Question n n What lower arm bone is located on the thumb side of the hand? A. Patella B. Radius C. Tibia D. Ulna 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 49
Review Question n n Another name for the breastbone is the: A. Scapula B. Sternum C. Ulna D. Xiphoid Process 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 50
Review Question n n Seven pairs of costal cartilage join 7 pairs of ribs directly to the sternum. These are known as: A. False Ribs B. Floating Ribs C. True Ribs D. Sternal Ribs 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 51
Joints n n Articulations – joints, bone – bone contact. Function: n 1. Hold bones together. n 2. Allow flexibility so that body movements can occur. n 52
Joints n n Moveable Joints Six types n n n Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Gliding (Plane) Saddle Condyloid 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 53
Joints n Ball and socket n n One bone has a ball at one end The other has a concave socket Allows for the greatest range of motion Ex: shoulder, hip 54
Joints n Hinge joint n n Move in one direction flexion Elbow, jaw, knees 55
Joints n Pivot joints n n Bones that rotate across each other; pivot on axis neck 56
Joints n Gliding joint n n n Aka Plane Joint Bones with flat surfaces that slide across each other Wrist, ankle 57
Joints n Saddle joint n Thumb 58
Joints n Condyloid joint n All joints where fingers meet the hand 59
Review Question n n What type of joint allows the greatest freedom of movement? A. Ball-and-socket joints B. Hinge joints C. Pivot joints D. Gliding joints 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 60
Review Question n n What type of joint is the elbow? A. ball and socket B. gliding C. hinge D. pivot 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 61
Review Question n n The shoulder and the hip are examples of which type of joint? A. Ball and socket joints B. Condyloid joints C. Hinge Joints D. Saddle Joints 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 62
Bell Ringer n n List the classifications/types of bone (4) and provide an example of each Draw a long bone and identify the 2 main parts and the 2 main layers What class of bone do the ribs fall in? What class of bone does the sacrum fall in? 1. 02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 63
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