Essential Question Question What were the significant individuals

■ Essential Question: Question –What were the significant individuals & accomplishments of the Civil Rights movement? ■ Warm-Up Question: Question –How might their experiences during WW 2 have influenced African Americans in the Civil Rights Era?

African Americans in U. S. History ■ To better appreciate the impact of the Civil Rights movement, let’s review the struggles African Americans faced over time –Working with a partner, complete the timeline of events in U. S. history that impacted African Americans –Each era on the timeline has a matching “Injustice” & “Achievement” event –Answers will be revealed in a brief ppt

Slavery in American History (1619 -1865)

Slavery in American History ■ In 1619, the 1 st African slaves were introduced in the colonies ■ By 1660, slave labor replaced Timeline Answers: indentured servitude as the main Colonial Era: colonial labor system: D &on 8 tobacco & rice –Slaves worked plantations in Southern colonies –Slaves worked as domestic servants in Northern colonies

the American Revolution, slaves The Revolutionary (1776 -1783) But, Before the Founding Fathers. War did not abolish slavery were present in each towards of the 13 slavery colonies changed attitudes By 1804, Timeline Answers: 9 outlawed slavery The New Nation: I&3 The Northwest Ordinance (1787), outlawed slavery In 1808, the USA outlawed the African slave trade

Slavery in American History ■ From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension increased in America as slavery expanded into the West –“King Cotton” became dominant & increased slavery in the South –During Manifest Destiny, slavery tensions increased as Texas & the Mexican Cession were added –The Compromises of 1820 & 1850 only temporarily settled the issue

From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension increased as slavery expanded into the West “King Cotton” became dominant & increased slavery in the South Timeline Answers: Early Antebellum: G&5 1790 1830

From. Slavery 1800 to 1860, sectional tension Abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison, in America, 1860 increased Douglass, as slavery&expanded into the. Stowe West Frederick Harriet Beecher attacked slavery The Compromises of 1820 & 1850 During Manifest Destiny, tensions only temporarily settled the issue over slavery increased as Texas & the Mexican Cession were added Timeline Answers: Late Antebellum B&6 Sectional events led to Civil War: Bleeding Kansas, Dred Scott case, John Brown’s Raid, Election of Lincoln in 1860

Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 which made the Civil War about slavery

Reconstruction & the Jim Crow Era (1865 -1954)

The Union victory in the Civil War led to the: § 13 th Amendment (ended slavery) § 14 th Amendment (citizenship for freedmen) § 15 th Amendment (voting rights for freedmen) § Freedman’s Bureau & five military zones Timeline Answers: Civil War & Reconstruction: A & 1 The South responded with the KKK & black codes; Reconstruction ended in 1877

Jim Crow laws created segregation Civil rights leaders WEB Du. Bois & States with Jim Crow Laws § Poll Booker taxes, literacy tests, & T Washington fought against grandfather clauses segregation laws; the NAACP was § Most formed blacks were sharecroppers to help African Americans Timeline Answers: Gilded Age & Progressives: H Court &7 In 1896, the Supreme declared “separate but equal” in the Plessy v Ferguson case

During WWI, War the Great Migration World I & the 1920 sled African American workers into the North; Black soldiers fought in segregated units In the 1920 s, African Americans experienced the Harlem Renaissance Timeline Answers: WWI & 1920 s: In the 1930 s, FDR’s. C & 2 New Deal discriminated against black workers

Worldpressured War II FDR to create A. Philip Randolph the Fair Employment Practices Commission Timeline Answers: 1930 s & WWII: F&9 In WWII, the Great Migration helped break sharecropping in the South

Timeline Answers: Post War: E&4 In the 1950 s, white flight to the suburbs & Jim Crow laws left the U. S. segregated

The Modern Civil Rights Movement (1954 -1965)

Early Successes in Civil Rights ■ By 1950, the United States was a segregated society: –Jim Crow laws throughout the South created a segregated society (de jure segregation) –White flight to the suburbs left African Americans in poor inner cities (de facto segregation) ■ But after WWII, African Americans gained success in civil rights

Early Successes in Civil Rights ■ In 1948, Truman became the 1 st president to attack segregation: –Truman issued an executive order to integrate the military –He outlawed discrimination in the hiring of government employees ■ In 1947, Jackie Robinson was the 1 st black major league baseball player

http: //safeshare. tv/w/ Bdx. FUTOdhb Jackie Robinson signing his professional contract with Brooklyn Dodgers owner Branch Rickey in 1945 Robinsonmade won. National Rookie his MLB League of debut the Year MVP in 1947 inin 1947 1949

The Struggle Overspend Civil 10 Rights Segregated school districts times more on white students than black students ■ The modern Civil Rights movement NAACP attorneys began in 1954 withsuccessfully the Supreme challenged discrimination in university Court decision Brown v Board of admissions for graduate programs Education of Topeka, Kansas –The NAACP took the lead in civil rights; Segregated schools became their primary target –Their strategy was to use lawsuits to challenge that segregation violated the 14 th Amendment

Brown v Board of Education ■ Brown v Board of Education in 1954 –The Topeka school district denied Linda Brown from attending a white school 4 blocks from her house –NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall used the 14 th Amendment to attack public school segregation –Marshall argued that even “equal” schools, if separate, imply that black children are inferior to whites

Thurgood Marshall & his NAACP legal team Thurgood Marshall’s success in Brown made him the most famous black lawyer in the U. S. ; In 1967, he became the 1 st black justice appointed to the Supreme Court Linda Brown

Brown v Board of Education ■ The Supreme Court’s unanimous decision in Brown v Board of Education (1954) ruled “separate facilities are inherently unequal” –Chief Justice Earl Warren stated that segregation violated the “equal protection clause” of the 14 th Amendment –The decision overturned the Plessy v Ferguson (1896) “separate but equal” precedent

Brown v Board of Education ■ The Brown decision was divisive: –Schools integrated in Baltimore, St Louis, & Washington DC –But Southern state leaders vowed to resist integration & the KKK returned to block integration –At first, President Eisenhower left enforcement of Brown up to states & did not enforce the decision

Brown v. Board of Ed Today… https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= HJ-ng. GLud. SI CBS News

Resistance to Brown “The people of Georgia will not comply with the decision of the court… We're going to do whatever is necessary in Georgia to keep white children in white schools and colored children in colored schools. "

Desegregating Schools ■ In 1957, President Eisenhower was forced to support integration –Arkansas governor Orval Faubus called the National Guard to keep black students from enrolling in Little Rock’s Central High School –Eisenhower sent the Army to force integration for the black students (the “Little Rock Nine”)

Integrating Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas (1957) http: //safeshare. t v/w/NJm. Xhq. TG y. H The “Little Rock Nine” Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus

Conclusions ■ The Brown v BOE decision was the first major step towards ending Jim Crow segregation in America –The NAACP provided a model for other civil rights leaders to follow by using the 14 th Amendment –Resistance to Brown revealed that civil rights leaders could not rely on the gov’t to protect rights ■ New leaders would soon emerge to take charge of the movement