Essential Question Question How did Jeffersons presidency change

■ Essential Question: Question –How did Jefferson’s presidency change American government, territory, & foreign policy? ■ Warm-Up Question: –How will the fact that Jefferson was a Democratic-Republican influence his policies as America’s third president?

■ The period of time in U. S. history before the Civil War is known as the Antebellum Era (1800 -1860) –Early Antebellum (1800 -1840) • American nationalism • Age of the “common man” • Industrial revolution, rise of “king cotton, ” market economy –Late Antebellum (1840 -1860) • Manifest Destiny into the West • Sectionalism divided North & South

■ Jefferson’s defeat of 1. George Washington Adams is often called the 2. John Adams “Revolution of 1800”: 3. Thomas –For the first time, a new Jefferson political party took the 4. James Madison presidency 5. James –Jefferson’s presidency Monroe marked the start of nearly 6. John Q. Adams 30 years of political 7. Andrew dominance by the Jackson Jefferson Video Democratic-Republicans

Jefferson as President ■ As a Democratic-Republican, Jefferson tried to reverse Federalist policies & reduce the size & cost of the national gov’t: –He reduced the size of the army –Cut back Hamilton’s financial plan by ending all excise taxes & allowing the charter of the Bank of the U. S. to expire

Jefferson believed that America should be an “agrarian republic” that protects liberty

“Midnight Judges” ■ Before leaving office, President Adams appointed numerous Federalist judges to federal courts –John Marshall became chief justice to the Supreme Court –Over the next 30 years, John Marshall strengthened the power of the national gov’t & the Supreme Court

The Legacy of John Marshall In each of these cases, John Marshall helped strengthen the power of the national gov’t over the states or protected citizens from the power of their state gov’ts ■ Marbury v. Madison (1803) ■ Mc. Culloch v. Maryland (1819) ■ Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) ■ Cohens v. Virginia (1821) ■ Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) ■ Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)

Judicial Review

In. From 1800, 1800 Napoleon to 1810, reclaimed the population Louisiana grewfrom by The United States in 1800 Spain, 2 million but people, by 1803, thousands he neededflooded moneyinto to fund the his west, European & 3 newwar states & offered were added to sellto. Louisiana the USA Ohio (1803) Kentucky (1792) Tennessee (1796)

As a “strict constructionist” Jefferson did The Louisiana Purchase (1803) not know if he had the Constitutional power to buy Louisiana but he did it anyway In 1803, Jefferson Lewisthe & Clark were sent by Jefferson authorized map & explore this new territory; Louisianato. Purchase findings revealed an abundance from. Their France of natural resources for America for $15 million

Jefferson easily won re-election in 1804

Jefferson’s Legacy ■ Jefferson came into office trying to reduce the size & power of the national government, but: –By buying Louisiana, he expanded government power beyond that of the Constitution –He encouraged Congress to create an “embargo” (no trade) to punish England & France for violating U. S. free trade

Americans Napoleon’s smuggled & Jefferson had to increase the size of gov’t to enforce the embargo Empire Jefferson’s embargo was a “pain in the rear end” because it hurt Americans more than it hurt the English or French

1. George ■ James Madison won the Washington presidency in 1808 & 1812 2. John Adams – Madison was the architect 3. Thomas of the Constitution, was Jefferson elected to Congress, & 4. James served as Jefferson’s VP Madison 5. James –Madison continued the Monroe dominance of the 6. John Q. Democratic-Republican Adams Party & tried to continue 7. Andrew Jefferson’s policies of Jackson limited national gov’t

The War of 1812 ■ Unfortunately, the war between “Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” Englandwas & France continued to a popular battle cry cause problems for Americans: –England & France continued to violate American free trade –The British navy continued to “impress” American merchants –Many Congressmen, called “War Hawks” Hawks demanded war with Britain to defend U. S. honor

Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War of 1812 the “Second American Revolution” Madison eventually gave in & asked Congress for a declaration of war in June 1812

The War of 1812 (1812— 1814) The. U. S. British ■ The was attacked & burned not ready to Washington, DC… fight when the war began …and laid siege to – Had a where weak Baltimore Francis Key navy. Scott & poorly wrote the “Star trained army Spangled Banner” – The war went badly at first

The War of 1812 (1812— 1814) ■ Even though Britain was winning, they were fighting Napoleon’s army in Europe & wanted to end the war in America quickly

The War of 1812 (1812— 1814) The Americans ■ In 1814, Britain were led by & U. S. signed Andrew Jackson the Treaty of who became a Ghent ending national hero the war The victory ■ Before newsat New Orleans arrived, the led many Americans won to as though thefeel Battle of they the war Newwon Orleans

Treaty of Ghent ■ Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but it did not address trade rights or other causes of the war ■ Effects of the War of 1812: –Americans were united in a sense of nationalism, believing that they had beaten the British –America entered an “Era of Good Feelings” with a popular president & booming national economy

1. George ■ James Monroe was elected Washington president in 1816 & 1820 2. John Adams with a clear set of goals: 3. Thomas –To promote national unity Jefferson 4. James –To promote America’s Madison power in the world 5. James ■ Monroe was a Democratic. Monroe 6. John Q. Republican, but by 1816 Adams the Federalists were so 7. Andrew weak that the Republicans Jackson could do almost anything

The Era of Good Feelings ■ After the War of 1812, America experienced an “Era of Good Feelings” from 1815 to 1825: –Monroe & the Republicans in Congress used this time to promote American nationalism –Nationalism—the interests of Nationalism the USA should be placed ahead of regional interests

American Nationalism ■ Monroe & the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism & American unity in 3 ways: –Gov’t: Increasing the power of the national gov’t over the states

American Nationalism ■ John Marshall (1801 -1835) used the Supreme Court to strengthen the power of the national gov’t:

American Nationalism ■ Monroe & the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism & American unity in 3 ways: –Gov’t: Increasing the power of the national gov’t over the states –Economy: Encourage industry & build better transportation to link the South, North, & West

The American System ■ In 1816, Congressman Henry Clay proposed the American System to unify the economies of the North, South, & West –Created a 2 nd Bank of the U. S. –Created a tariff to promote U. S. industry & limit the importation of British manufactured goods –A nat’l system of roads & canals

The. Western American System the USA to create farms grewallowed grains & a national market for the 1 st time raised livestock that economy fed the nation Transportation Northern byfactories 1840: made. Rivers, manufactured Roads, goods that were & sold Canals, throughout the Railroads country Southern cotton was used in northern textiles factories

Settlement ofofthe Trans-Mississippi After the War 1812, Americans flooded Thisinto economic & territorial growth 1/3 created the West; By 1840 over of the a need to settle America’s boundaries Congress quickly admitted population livednational in the West 5 new states to the Union: Indiana (1816) Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Mississippi (1817) Louisiana (1812)

American Nationalism ■ Monroe & the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism & American unity in 3 ways: –Gov’t: Increasing the power of the national gov’t over the states –Economy: Encourage industry & build better transportation to link the South, North, & West –Foreign Policy: Expanding U. S. borders & increasing America’s role in world affairs

Sectionalism ■ The Era of Good Feelings was a time of nationalism, but there were problems between North & South –Sectionalism—when regional Sectionalism interests are placed above national interests –Northerners & Southerners disagreed over slavery, national taxes, & the role of national gov’t –These disagreements dominated politics from 1820 to 1860

In. Maine 1820, broke Henry Clay negotiated the from Massachusetts Missouri & became Compromise a free state Missouri became a slave state Slavery was outlawed in all western territories above the latitude of 36° 30'