Essay 6 PHILOSPHERS EDUCATORS Philosophers Educators You will

Essay #6 PHILOSPHERS & EDUCATORS

Philosophers & Educators You will choose one of the following historic philosophers or educators to write your essay. You will need to do some research before you begin to write. This Power Point is provided to help you choose the person you feel to be the most interesting to write about!

Jean Jacques Rousseau We are born weak, we need strength; helpless, we need aid; foolish, we need reason. All that we lack at birth, all that we need when we come to man's estate, is the gift of education. • • Born in Geneva in 1712 Raised by his Aunt and Uncle Calvinist childhood, converted to Catholicism Never adopted idea of rigorous discipline Formal education ended at age 12 Left Geneva at 16 Apprenticed to an engraver, secretary to a French ambassador, wrote an opera: “Le Devin du Village”

Socrates The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing. • Socrates was a classical Greek Athenian • • Philosopher 469 BC – 399 BC Credited with being one of the founders of Western Philosophy Socrates has become renowned for his contribution to the field of ethics and his inquisitive nature. He searched for the answers to questions, and spent his days asking people questions like: • "What is wisdom? " • "What is beauty? " • "What is the right thing to do? "

Plato We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light. • Born in 428/7 BC to Aristokles, a direct • • • descendant of Solon's brother Exekestiades Served in the military on two occasions Joined his two older brothers in becoming a student of Socrates Focused on values rather than on physical science Brought to trial with the capital crimes of religious impiety and corruption of youth, convicted, and sentenced to death His friends offered to pay a fine so that he would avoid the death penalty

Aristotle You will never do anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind next to honor. • • Born in 384 BC in Stageira, Chalcidice Was a student of Plato Was trained as an educator At 18 he went to Athens to continue his education Was married and had a daughter Began his own schools in Athens in 335 BC Near the end of his life, he began to suspect plots against his life

Erasmus There are some people who live in a dream world, and there are some who face reality; and then there are those who turn one into the other. • • Born in Holland on October 28, 1466 He was known as Erasmus of Rotterdam Was a classical scholar He was cared for by his parents until their early deaths from the plague Had a personal relationship with God In 1492, poverty forced him into the monastery. He worked to have the first Latin New Testament published

John Locke I have always thought the actions of men the best interpreters of their thoughts. • Born August 29, 1632, in Wrington, Somerset • His father was a Lawyer that served as a captain in the cavalry of the parliamentary forces • Studied medicine at Oxford • Was ten years old at the start of the English Civil War • In 1650, he was elected a King’s Scholar • He became a highly influential philosopher

John Dewey Arriving at one goal is the starting point to another. • Born October 20, 1859, in Burlington, • • Vermont Was a newspaper delivery boy and worked in a lumber yard His father was a local merchant that loved literature His mother had a stern moral sense based upon her belief in Calvanism Graduated with a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in 1879

Horace Mann Seek not greatness, but seek truth and you will find both. • • • Born in Franklin, Massachusetts, in 1796 Raised in poverty Worked on his family farm and was self taught Graduating from Brown University in 1819 Worked hard to suppress slavery Worked as a Massachusetts lawyer and social reformer

Maria Montessori The greatest sign of success for a teacher. . . is to be able to say, 'The children are now working as if I did not exist. ' • Was born on August 31 st, 1870 in • • • Chiaravalle, Italy Moved to Rome in 1875 She broke through the barriers that constrained women’s careers Her parents encouraged her to become a teacher but she wanted to become a doctor She enrolled at the University of Rome to study physics, maths and natural sciences She won a series of scholarships at medical school

Jean Piaget The principle goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done. • Born on August 9, 1896, in • • • Neuchâtel, Switzerland Strongly influenced by his fathers intense dedication to his studies and work At an early age Piaget began passing up recreation for studying Published a short piece at age 10 He became interested in mechanics, birds, fossils, and seashells when he was seven His godfather introduced him to philosophy

Lev Vygotsky Through others, we become ourselves. • • • Born: November 17, 1896, Orsha, Belarus Died: June 11, 1934, Moscow, Russia Was a Soviet psychologist He founded theory of human cultural and biosocial development His work has become the foundation of much research and theory in developmental and child psychology Considered teachers to be the local topic expert

Loris Malaguzzi Stand aside for a while and leave room for learning, observe carefully what children do, and then, if you have understood well, perhaps teaching will be different from before. • He was born in Corregio, Italy in 1920 • He was the founder of Reggio Emilia’s educational • • philosophy This focuses on the educational importance of community He began his career as a primary school teacher in 1946 In 1963 he opened the first municipal preschools He was educated at the University of Urbino, Italy

Essay Question Choose one of the philosophers/educators that have been presented. Describe his/her beliefs on education and their impact on education today. Use this time to do more research to help you write your essay This should be a three paragraph essay, MLA formatted, placed in Turnitin. com Due Friday, February 7 th!

1. What made you chose this person? 2. Describe what his/her belief on education are. 3. What is their impact on education today is? Jean Jacques Rousseau Plato Aristotle Erasmus John Locke Lev Vygotsky John Dewey Maria Montessori Horace Mann Jean Piaget Loris Malaguzzi Socrates