ESD BASICS Electro Static Discharge ESD ESD Control
ESD BASICS Electro. Static Discharge (ESD) ESD Control Awareness ©Copyright 2010 DESCO INDUSTRIES INC. 9/10
Introduction ESD Control Training • Per ANSI/ESD S 20. 20 Training Plan Requirement, "Initial and recurrent ESD awareness and prevention training shall be provided to all personnel” • Use Power. Point with Desco 06821 ESD Awareness Booklet Desco. com
Prerequisites of ESD Control The prerequisites of ESD control are: • Identify ESD Protected Area [EPA] • Identify ESD sensitive items [ESDS] • Provide ESD control training
ESD BASICS Protect your work following these guidelines: • in the • • • daily • Only handle unpackaged ESD sensitive items [ESDS] ESD protected area [EPA] when grounded Only allow trained or escorted people in the EPA Ground all conductors including people in the EPA Use continuous monitors or test wrist straps at least If ESD footwear is used, test at least daily
ESD BASICS continued • Visually check that grounding cords are connected • Keep wristband snug, foot grounder grounding tab in shoe, and ESD smocks covering all clothing on torso • Keep work area clean and clear of all non essential insulators, or neutralize essential insulators with ionizers with the airflow directed towards the work area • Use packaging with shielding properties to store or transport ESDS outside the EPA
Grounding & Personnel Safety • Electro. Static charges or static electricity can be everywhere, however conductors can be effectively grounded and charges removed to ground. • A fundamental rule in ESD control is to ground all conductors, including people. • However, while ESD control is important, it is of secondary importance to employee safety. • Personnel should not be grounded in situations where they could come into contact with voltage over 250 volts AC. Desco. com
Static Electricity OR Electrostatic Charge Defined as Electric charge at rest All Materials Tribocharge Electro. Static Charge Generation or Tribocharging • When 2 Surfaces in Contact then Separate • Some Electrons Move Causing Imbalance Desco. com
All Materials Tribocharge Electro. Static Charge Generation: The simple separation of two surfaces, as when tape is pulled off a roll, can cause the transfer of electrons between surfaces, generating an Electro. Static charge. Desco. com
Charge Generation or Tribocharging When two materials make contact and are then separated, a transfer of electrons from one material to the other may take place. The amount of static electricity generated depends upon the materials subjected to contact or separation, friction, the area of contact or separation, and the relative humidity of the environment. At lower relative humidity, as the environment is drier, charge generation will increase significantly. Common plastics generally will create the greatest static charges. Desco. com
Typical Electro. Static Voltages • Walking across a carpet: 1, 500 - 35, 000 volts • Walking over untreated vinyl floor: 250 - 12, 000 volts • Vinyl envelope used for work instructions: 600 - 7, 000 volts • Worker at a bench: 700 - 6, 000 volts • Unwinding regular tape: 9, 000 - 15, 000 volts Higher number is generated at low humidity Desco. com
ESD or Electro. Static Discharge • Charges Seek Balance • Discharge is Rapid • Creating Heat If two items are at different electrostatic charge levels, as they approach one another, a spark or Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can occur. This rapid, spontaneous transfer of electrostatic charge can generate heat and melt circuitry in electronic components. Desco. com
Examples Of Electrostatic Discharge or ESD • Lightning • Zap from a door There are innumerable ESD events occurring which you do not see or feel. ESD is the hidden enemy in a high tech manufacturing environment. Desco. com
Photo of ESD arcing from finger to component This is not a computer simulation. Technician was connected to a small magneto. 2, 000 / 3, 00 volts for a human to feel, even less than 100 volts might damage a component Photos courtesy of Hi-Rel Laboratories, Inc. , Spokane, WA Desco. com
Types Of ESD Device Damage • Catastrophic Failures Inspection is able to detect failure • Latent Defect Component wounded but Inspection passes as good Desco. com
Catastrophic Failures • Catastrophic failure causes a failure in an ESD sensitive item that is permanent. • The ESD event may have caused a metal melt, junction breakdown or oxide failure. • Normal inspection is able to detect a catastrophic failure. Desco. com
Latent Defect • A latent defect can occur when an ESD sensitive item is exposed to an ESD event and is partially degraded. • It may continue to perform its intended function, so may not be detected by normal inspection. • Intermittent or permanent failures may occur at a later time. Desco. com
Latent Defects More Costly • Sub Assembly passes inspection • Product passes inspection • Works a while for customer • Then Upsets & Mysterious Problems • More Returns • More Warranty Costs • Lower Customer Satisfaction Desco. com
Repair Costs Increase if Failure Detected Later One study indicated the repair cost to be: $10 Device in board - $100 $10 Device in board and in system - $1, 000 $10 Device and system fails - $10, 000 Catastrophic failures are detected during inspection but components with latent defects pass as good Desco. com
Latent Defects Most Frustrating • Pass inspection as good • May fail later • Cause equipment down time • Costly field repair work • Adversely impacting customer satisfaction Hidden Enemy ESD damage may occur • Cannot be felt • Cannot be seen • Not detected through normal inspection procedures Desco. com
ESD Control • Any ESD sensitive item should be indentified with the ESD susceptibility symbol, either on itself or its container. • The ESD Susceptibility Symbol (also called Sensitivity or Warning Symbol) identifies items that can be damaged by ESD and should be unpackaged and handled while grounded at an ESD protected workstation. Desco. com
Two Types of Materials Conductors • Electrical Current Flows Easily • So Can be Grounded which works effectively Examples: metals, carbon and people (due to impurities the human body's sweat layer) Materials that are called dissipative are conductors, able to remove electrostatic charges to ground. The resistance of dissipative materials is the higher portion of the conductive range. Desco. com
Two Types of Materials Insulators or Non-Conductors • Electrical Current Does Not Flow Easily • So Cannot be Grounded Example: Plastics, glass, and dry air Insulators like this plastic cup will hold the charge and cannot be grounded and "conduct" the charge away. Desco. com
Like Germs, ESD Is The Hidden Enemy Sterilization in medicine Control Germs Control ESD You would never consider having surgery in a contaminated operating room, you should never handle electronic assemblies without taking adequate protective measures against ESD Desco. com
Hidden Enemy People Discharge Frequently But to Feel a Discharge it must be about 2, 000 volts Desco. com
Operator’s Part in ESD Control • Be trained • Use ESD protective products correctly • EPA ESD control items are ESD protective products that have been specially formulated to possess at least one of the ESD control properties 1) low charging (antistatic) 2) resistance (conductive or dissipative, able to be grounded) 3) shielding ESD Protective Symbol Desco. com
Fundamental ESD Control Principles • Ground all conductors including people • Remove insulators, substitute with ESD protective versions, or neutralize with ionizers • ESDS outside the EPA to be in packaging having ESD shielding property Desco. com
Ground Conductors Including People Personnel Grounding • Wrist Straps • Snug on skin • Clean • Cord connected to ground Desco. com
Ground Conductors Including People Personnel Grounding • Foot Grounders − Grounding tab under foot − Worn on both feet − Contact to ESD floor Desco. com
Daily Test Personnel Grounding Devices Wrist Straps • Must work, so test wrist strap daily (or use continuous monitors) Foot Grounders • Must work, so test foot grounder daily Desco. com
Workstation Grounding Devices The purpose of the ESD worksurface is two-fold. (1)To provide a surface with little to no charge on it. (2)To provide a surface that will remove Electro. Static charges from conductors (including ESDS devices and assemblies) that are placed on the surface. Desco. com
Worksuface and Operator Responsibility • Remove unnecessary insulators and personal items • Check that ground wire is attached "All nonessential insulators such as coffee cups, food wrappers and personal items shall be remove from the workstation or any operation where unprotected ESDS items are handled. " [ANSI/ESD S 20. 20 -2007 section 8. 3] Desco. com
Worksurface Clean Using Only ESD Cleaners • ESD Worksurface must be maintained • Use only ESD approved cleaner Desco. com
Neutralize Insulators Via Ionization • Insulators cannot be grounded • Ionizer air flow floods area with Ions - Neutralizing Electro. Static charge Desco. com
Ionizer Can Control Insulators • Keep insulators a minimum of 12" from ESDS items at all times, or • Replace regular insulative items with an ESD protective version, or • Periodically apply a coat of topical antistat, or • Ionization Desco. com
Direct Ionizer Air Flow to ESD Sensitive Items • Ionizers produce positively and negatively charged ions • Fans flow air to cover the work area • Ionization can reduce static charges on an insulator or isolated conductors • Require periodic emitter pin cleaning filter cleaning, and calibration Desco. com
Shield ESD Sensitive Items Outside Protected Area Faraday Cage effect charges to be conducted on surface of the conductor. Since like charges repel, charges will rest on the exterior. Charges Kept on Outside of Package: • Closed Metallized Shielding Bag • Covered Conductive Tote Box Desco. com
ESD Packaging Electrostatic discharge shield "A barrier or enclosure that limits the passage of current and attenuates an electromagnetic field resulting from an electrostatic discharge. " • ESD bags should be closed and containers have lids in place • ESD packaging only be opened at an ESD protective workstation by properly grounded personnel. Desco. com
ESD Protected Workstations An ESD protective workstation is an area that has been established to effectively control electrostatic charges. • Grounding all conductors (including people) • Removing all insulators • Or neutralizing process essential insulators with an ionizer Desco. com
EPA ESD Control Items Best Practice Remove Insulator or Change to ESD Protective Version • • • ESD smocks and gloves ESD Packaging, bags, boxes, etc. Conductive foam and shunt bars Antistatic or low charging tape ESD cleaners and topical antistat Dissipative bottles and cups Dissipative binders Dissipative document and badge holders Dissipative floor finishes Conductive paint and epoxy Conductive and dissipative flooring ESD hand lotion Desco. com
Review REVIEW OF ESD AWARENESS Desco. com
The Prerequisites of ESD Control • Identify ESD Protected Area (EPA) • Identify ESD sensitive items (ESDS) • Provide ESD control training Desco. com
ESD Control Fundamental Principles • Ground Conductors including people • Remove, substitute or Neutralize Insulators with Ionizers • Shield ESDS when Stored or Transported outside EPA Desco. com
You Are On The Front Lines Fighting The Hidden Enemy • Handle unpacked ESDS items only when grounded • Only allow trained or escorted people in EPA • Ground all conductors including people in EPA • Use continuous monitors or test wrist straps at least daily • If ESD footwear used, test at least daily Desco. com
You Are On The Front Lines Fighting The Hidden Enemy • Visually check that grounding cords are connected • Keep wristband snug, foot grounder grounding tab in shoe, and ESD smocks covering all clothing on torso • Keep work area clean and clear of all nonessential insulators, or neutralize essential insulators with ionizers with airflow directed towards the work area • Use packaging with shielding properties to store or transport ESDS outside the EPA Desco. com
ANSI/ESD S 20. 20 The written ESD Control Plan should be in accordance with ANSI/ESD S 20. 20 • 100 volt Human Body Model limit as a large majority of the ESD products greater than 100 volt sensitivity • ESD Association wrote commercial version of MIL-STD 1686 for US Department of Defense which has adopted it ESD training should be repeated as specified in the company’s written ESD Control Plan Quizzes in Awareness Guide could be “objective evaluation technique to ensure trainee comprehension and training adequacy. ” Desco. com
ESD BASICS Electro. Static Discharge (ESD) ESD Control Awareness ©Copyright 2010 DESCO INDUSTRIES INC. 9/10
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