Escherichia coli E coli 0157 H 7 Tayo

Escherichia coli (E. coli 0157: H 7) Tayo Awopeju, Ph. D. student Walden University PH 8165 -2 Instructor: Dr. Stephen Arnold Fall Quarter, 2009

Escherichia coli (E. coli 0157: H 7) Presentation for Food Service Industry and Consumers

Agenda n n n E. coli defined Transmission of E. coli 0147: H 7 Prevention of E. coli and food-borne illnesses Safety measures Laws protecting consumers

Escherichia coli (E. coli) n n E. coli are large and diverse groups of bacteria (FDA, 2009) Although most strains of E. coli are harmless, others can cause illnesses (CDC, 2009)

E. coli, continued n E. coli can cause • Diarrhea; • Urinary track infections (UTI); • Respiratory illness including pneumonia; and • Other illnesses n n (CDC, 2009) People of all ages can become potentially infected

Other Kinds of E. coli Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) n n Bacterium that makes these toxins are called Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) In North America, the most common identified STEC is E. coli 0157: H 7 Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Multistate Outbreak of E coli 0157: H 7 Infections Linked to Eating Raw Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. cdc. gov/ecoli/009/0625. html

Modes of Transmission n n n Found in the intestine of healthy cattle Meat can be contaminated during slaughter and can be mixed in; particularly with ground beef Bacteria is present on the cow’s udders or on equipment and therefore, could possibly get into raw milk as well Ingestion of contaminated food Person to person contact Drinking or Swimming in contaminated water Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Multistate Outbreak of E coli 0157: H 7 Infections Linked to Eating Raw Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. cdc. gov/ecoli/009/0625. html

Susceptible Groups n n Young children and the elderly are more likely to develop severe illness and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) than others Healthy older children and young adults can become seriously ill as well U. S. Food and Drug Administration. (2009). FDA Confirms E. Coli 0157: H 7 in Prepackaged Nestlé Toll House Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. fda. gov/News. Events/Newsroom/Press. Annoucements/ucm 169733. htm

Sequence of Events in E. coli Infection E. coli Ingested 3 -4 days Non-bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps 1 -2 days Bloody diarrhea 6 days 92% Resolutions Mead, Lancet, 1999 8% HUS

Current Trend of E. coli n n n 70, 000 E. coli infections per year in the United States Possibly more because some do not seek medical care CDC estimated 76 million illnesses are caused by food-borne diseases every year in the United States (US) Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Multistate Outbreak of E coli 0157: H 7 Infections Linked to Eating Raw Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. cdc. gov/ecoli/009/0625. html

Prevention of E. coli infection n The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends several measures to protect against STEC infections including good hand washing Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Multistate Outbreak of E coli 0157: H 7 Infections Linked to Eating Raw Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. cdc. gov/ecoli/009/0625. html

Prevention of E. coli infection, continued • Good hand washing n Thoroughly wash hands after • Using the bathroom • Changing diapers • Contact with animals or their environments (at farms, petting zoos, fairs, even your own backyard) n Thoroughly wash hands before • Preparing food • Eating food Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Multistate Outbreak of E coli 0157: H 7 Infections Linked to Eating Raw Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. cdc. gov/ecoli/009/0625. html

Food Safety Measures n n Cook ground beef, meat and eggs well Wash raw fruits and vegetables Do not chop vegetables on the same surface where you just handled meat Refrigerate leftovers promptly Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Multistate Outbreak of E coli 0157: H 7 Infections Linked to Eating Raw Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. cdc. gov/ecoli/009/0625. html

Other forms of Prevention n n Ice and Refrigeration • A form of food preservation. • Refrigeration technology has evolved and allowed retardation of bacteria growth Pasteurization • Designed to destroy all pathogens that can be transmitted through milk to humans U. S. Food and Drug Administration. (2009). FDA Confirms E. Coli 0157: H 7 in Prepackaged Nestlé Toll House Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. fda. gov/News. Events/Newsroom/Press. Annoucements/ucm 169733. htm

Food Service Sanitation Good personal hygiene 1. Obligated to protect customers and food handlers from individuals who have personal habits that can affect food safety 2. A healthy worker with poor personal habits is very likely to cause food contamination 3. Federal, State and Local governmental agencies set regulations and standards to protect the public from food-borne illness Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Multistate Outbreak of E coli 0157: H 7 Infections Linked to Eating Raw Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. cdc. gov/ecoli/009/0625. html

Food Service Sanitation, continued n The role of people, restaurants & facilities • Eliminate poor housekeeping, n faulty refrigerators, n hard to clean areas, and n conditions attractive to pest infestations n Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Multistate Outbreak of E coli 0157: H 7 Infections Linked to Eating Raw Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. cdc. gov/ecoli/009/0625. html

Food Safety Laws n Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are responsible for the: • • • Regulation of food labeling; Safety of food and food additives; Inspection of food-processing plants; Control of food contaminants; and Establishments of food standards U. S. Food and Drug Administration. (2009). FDA Confirms E. Coli 0157: H 7 in Prepackaged Nestlé Toll House Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. fda. gov/News. Events/Newsroom/Press. Annoucements/ucm 169733. htm

Conclusions n Prevention is better than cure • Practice good personal hygiene and clean sanitation • Food preparation • Seek early medical care

Further Sources for Information n n http: //www. epa. gov/safewater/contaminants/ecol i. html http: //www. health. state. ny. us/communicable/e_c oli/fact_sheet. htm http: //www. mayoclinic/health/e-coli/DS 01007 http: //www. who. int/foodsafety/foodborne_diseas e/ecoli. pdf

Questions

References n n n Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Multistate Outbreak of E coli 0157: H 7 Infections Linked to Eating Raw Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. cdc. gov/ecoli/009/0625. html Medpedia. (2007). E. coli. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //wiki. medpedia. com/E. _coli U. S. Food and Drug Administration. (2009). FDA Confirms E. Coli 0157: H 7 in Prepackaged Nestlé Toll House Refrigerated Cookie Dough. Retrieved on September 20, 2009 from http: //www. fda. gov/News. Events/Newsroom/Press. Annouce ments/ucm 169733. htm