Escher Flatworm Integrating space place time and form

Escher Flatworm Integrating space, place, time and form: the challenge of developing standards for geophylogenies David M. Kidd Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, UK National Evolutionary Synthesis Centre, Durham, North Carolina, USA. d. kidd@imperial. ac. uk

Form, Time and Space “The affinities of all the beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tree. . . the…Tree of Life, which fills with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth, and covers the surface with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications. ” Charles Darwin 1859. On the origin of species. Ch. 5 Laws of Variation. Encyclopedia of Life Tree of Life Map of Life

Historical Biogeography Workflow Order and location of vicariance events Data Ecology Observations Inference Direct Vicariance Analysis (Hovenkamp) Analysis Ecological Niche Model Niche Range ‘Areas of Endemism’ Analysis (PAE, Biotic Elements) many Phylogeny one Derived Areas Ad-hoc Area Hierarchical Area Relationships Range–Area Matrix one many La. Grange Clade History DIVA Cladistic Biogeography

Geophylogeny Spatial network in which topology is defined by a phylogenetic model or classification and the geographical position of inferred nodes and the paths of branches are defined by a biogeographical model

Integration of Standards Form Taxonomic (TNC) Genetic (? ) Geophylogenies Area Biogeographic Phylogenetic Nex. ML & Phylo. XML Chronogrametic ICAN ? Continental Drift ? Temporal Geographic Chronos? GML Space Time Ecological EML Place Palaeoecological, palaeoclimate & palaeo-sealevel reconstructions ?

Acknowledgements Geo. Phylo. Builder: Xianhua Liu Data: Constantino Macias-Garcia & Ella Vazquez (UNAM) Bill Piel (Yale) John Wiens & Sarah Smith (Stony Brook). Funding: NESCent Research Fellowship NSFb #EF-0423641 Duke, NC State University & UNC http: //evoviz. org