ESA Concurrent Design Concurrent Engineering applied to space

ESA Concurrent Design: Concurrent Engineering applied to space mission assessments K. Nergaard ESA – OPS-HSA

ESA FACTS AND FIGURES • Over 30 years of experience • 18 Member States • Five establishments, about 2000 staff • 3 600 million Euro budget (2009) • Over 60 satellites designed and tested • • More than 10 scientific satellites in operation Five types of launcher developed • Over 180 launches made KSEE Presentation 2010 2

ESA Member States • Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland the United Kingdom. • Canada takes part in some projects under a Cooperation Agreement. • Hungary, Romania and Poland are European Cooperating States. • • Cyprus, Slovenia, Estonia and Latvia have recently signed Cooperation Agreements with ESA. KSEE Presentation 2010

ESA – What do we do? KSEE Presentation 2010 4

The ESA project life-cycle = CDF application / quantity I n d u s t r y E S A Evolving Applications Phase A Phase C/D Phase B … Launch Pre. Ph. A 100+ SPEC. ’s 20 Review 12 SPEC. ’s 2 3 Review SPEC. ’s 1 2 Lessons Learned KSEE Presentation 2010 CDR … FDIR

Why do we need Concurrent Engineering? • To overcome the communication gaps between the “designer” (who produces design information) and the “user” (who utilises the design information) Sequential Design (“over-the-fence” approach) KSEE Presentation 2010 6

Possible approaches to system design Centralised design Concurrent design KSEE Presentation 2010 7

The Concurrent Design Facility (CDF): what is it? • The ESA Concurrent Design Facility is an Integrated Design Environment (IDE) available to all ESA programmes for interdisciplinary and inter-directorate applications, based on Concurrent Engineering methodology • the implementation started in Nov. 1998, on an experimental basis with initiative (and support) of the General Studies Programme (GSP) • initially conceived for the assessment and the conceptual design of future space missions, i. e. internal pre-phase A / feasibility studies • the main ESA CDF is in ESTEC with other establishments having satellite CDF systems (such as ESOC) • featuring: – team orientated concurrent engineering – integration of tools, project data, mission and system models – simultaneous participation of all mission domains, incl. Programmatics/AIV, Operations, Cost Engineering, Risk Analysis, CAD, Simulation KSEE Presentation 2010 8

CDF: the approach (Organisation dependent) • Re-organization of existing tools and human resources in a more effective (i. e. “concurrent”) way Technical Domains Domain Engineering Tools & DB‘s Specialists Interfacing Group Data Sharing System Perspective Integrated Design Environment KSEE Presentation 2010 Team Engineers

CDF: the achievements Activities performed • 100+ (potential) future missions studied and designed internally at pre-Phase A, conceptual, system level • 4 new launcher concept design • 11 complex payload instrument design (IDA), incl. Platform, system, mission • 18 reviews of Industrial Phase A studies (internal + Industry) and Phase B • 5 ISS on-board facilities/experiments accommodation studies; teaming with/supporting Industry in Phase A • Joint studies with NASA/JPL/PDC-Team X (Distributed Concurrent Engineering), CNES CIC, DLR, Industry, Academia • Anomaly investigation for later project phases • Educational, training, promotion and standardisation activities Spin-off • Transfer of CDF know-how and software to national Agencies, Industry, Academia KSEE Presentation 2010 10

Benefits • • Performances (typical pre-Phase A study): – Study duration (Design phase): 3 -6 weeks (“classical” 6 -9 months!) – Factor 4 reduction in time – Factor 2 reduction in cost (for the Customer) – Increased number of studies per year, compatibly with max 2 parallel studies Improvement in quality, providing quick, consistent and complete mission design, incl. technical feasibility, programmatics, risk, cost • Technical report becomes part of the specs for subsequent industrial activity, Cost report remains the ESA independent reference • Capitalisation of corporate knowledge for further reusability • CDF: an essential tool for the ESA Decision Making and Risk Management processes KSEE Presentation 2010

Process elements • Conducted in sessions – plenary meeting where representatives of all space engineering domains participate from early phases (requirement analysis) to end of design (costing) – 6 to 10 session / study, 4 hour / session, bi-weekly frequency – team leader co-ordination – customer participation • Model driven • On-line design • Highly co-operative & interactive • Iterations • Design options comparison and trade-offs KSEE Presentation 2010 12

Design process Mission requirements & constraints Objectives Software Attitude determination & control Study results Instruments Data handling Environment S/C Design Lifetime Electrical power Payload Reliability Schedule Technology Mission analysis Planning Resources KSEE Presentation 2010 Launcher Cost Dry mass Operations & ground systems Propulsion Products Study Level S/C Configuration Risk Thermal control Budget Study requirements Telemetry tracking & command Simulation Programmatics Options Structure Wet mass Propellant mass Adapter Launch mass Conceptual model of mission & spacecraft design process 13

The Spiral Model CE: iterative process Mission analysis Mission requirements analysis Sub-system design Design verification Cost analysis Risk assessment KSEE Presentation 2010 Key Parameters

CDF: the team • Team of ESA specialists (senior and junior!) • Technical disciplines (‘CDF positions’) selected for Phase 0 studies (according to ESA organisation): Systems Instruments Mission analysis Propulsion Attitude and Orbit Control Structures/Configuration Mechanisms/Pyros Thermal Power Command Data Handling Communications Ground Systems & Operations Simulation Programmatics Risk Assessment Cost Analysis Black: sub-system level Blue: system level Red: based on hi-end tools Note: Instrument design activities have specialised teams with disciplines such as Receiver, Optics etc. KSEE Presentation 2010

Payload & P/L accommodation Advanced launchers Socrates ROSITA instrument on Columbus External Platform Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Diverse range of space missions Crewed vehicles for exploration preparation programme S 5 P Exo. Mars Human Missions to Mars Telescopes and Technology FIRI Moon Lander ISS Internal Payload – Science Requirements Definition IMPACT facility inside an ISS rack KSEE Presentation 2010 Wi. FLY Laplace 16

New CDF application - System of Systems architecture Service oriented – Example: GIANUS • • • Architecture and integration of independent space assets and systems to provide a layer of global services (e. g. security) Collaboration among ESA programme directorates and other Agencies Support EU and national authorities dealing with Civil Crisis Management (ref. EC-EDA-ESA workshop - 16 Sep. 2009 - on Space for Security and Defence) KSEE Presentation 2010

A CDF design session KSEE Presentation 2010 18

Thanks for your time! KSEE Presentation 2010