ERLPhase Relay Products SPRO SubHarmonic Protection Relay Ren

The 4000 Series L-PRO 4000 B-PRO 4000 TESLA 4000 DFR S-PRO 4000 New

S-PRO – Sub-Harmonic Protection Use the S-PRO Sub-Harmonic Protection Relay to detect and prevent damages to power system equipment caused by the adverse effects of sub-harmonics, isolating them from sub-harmonic generation sources typically found in Wind Farms with Series Compensated Transmission Lines or long transmission lines with series capacitor compensation fed by synchronous generators

S-PRO – Sub-Harmonic Protection The S-PRO 4000 relay provides real time processing of voltage and current signals, comprehensive sub-harmonic protection, with sub-harmonic monitoring for 5 Hz, 6 Hz, 7 Hz… … 23 Hz, 24 Hz, and 25 Hz in accordance to the following diagram (the resolution is 1 Hz):

S-PRO – Applications Considerations • Renewable energy generation from wind farms is growing rapidly throughout the world. • Energy contribution from wind farms has become significant in conjunction with the existing conventional electrical grid. • Transmission lines with series capacitor compensation is an economical alternative to transport wind power from remote generation to load centers. • Growing wind farm interconnection to the conventional grid poses new challenges as wind farms use Induction Generators (IGs), which can interact with series compensation capacitors to produce sub-harmonic oscillations.

S-PRO – Applications Considerations – cont. • Sub-harmonic oscillations (of currents or voltages) are defined as harmonic oscillations below system frequencies of 60 Hz (North America) or 50 Hz (many other parts of the world), and typically range between 5 Hz to 40 Hz depending on the degree of series compensation provided on the transmission system. • Under special conditions, induction generators exhibit what is called Induction Generator Effect (IGE), which can lead to un-damped or unstable oscillations in the interconnections due to sub-harmonic frequency currents or voltages. This phenomenon is further complicated by the statistical nature of the availability of the wind generations at any given time.

S-PRO – Applications Considerations – cont. • The wind turbine tower-to-blade mechanical interactions with the electrical system, can cause growing torsional interaction (TI), due to sub-harmonic resonance with the natural frequencies of the mechanical system. • Sub-harmonics can saturate transformers and other devices in their path, if they are not mitigated or protected from such detrimental effects. • There is a need to protect the ever expanding electrical interconnection from sub-harmonic pollution.

S-PRO – Applications Considerations – cont. Sub harmonic oscillations in the Wind farm interconnections

S-PRO – Applications Considerations – cont. Growing sub synchronous oscillations simulation due to Induction Generator Effect

Sub-Harmonic Waveform Example This figure illustrates a periodic waveform over a 2 second timeframe where sub -harmonics and fundamental frequency components are present in a waveform. SPRO can be used to monitor and protect based on analog current or voltage inputs. In the case of ring bus configurations, ring currents can be added within S-PRO to determine the subharmonic quantities present in elements such as lines connected to a bus.

Sub Harmonic Waveform Processing S-PRO has the ability to take a current or voltage waveform and extract the subharmonic quantities from this waveform. For a sample waveform as was shown in the previous slide, S-PRO can assimilate the waveform into a set of quantities as shown in this figure.

S-PRO – Operation • S-PRO calculates the sub-harmonics in a waveform over a one second period. Because of the sliding window calculation process, some possible sub-harmonic components are calculated early in the time period, but are discounted if not real when the one second period is attained. • As shown in previous slides, the S-PRO breaks down the waveform into three components, namely the fundamental component (60 Hz) part with a magnitude of 3 A secondary, a 10 Hz component with a magnitude of 1 A and finally a 15 Hz component of 0. 5 A.

S-PRO – Operation • The user can select specific sub-harmonic components along with their magnitudes to initiate alarms or contact closure within S-PRO can also be set to collect sub-harmonics of several frequencies and record them in order to determine which frequencies may be present. • As a additional note, S-PRO also records the fundamental waveform and up to the 25 th harmonic and makes these available to the user.

S-PRO – Settings for Sub-harmonics

S-PRO – Sub-Harmonic Protection Applications and Use: To detect sub-harmonics phenomena in: • Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farms interconnected with series compensated networks • Long compensated transmission lines • Lines connecting wind farms to the grid at any voltage levels In Summary: • Use the S-PRO to detect and prevent the damages to the electrical interconnection from sub-harmonic effects by isolating the healthy grid from sub-harmonic generation sources.

S-PRO – Sub-Harmonic Protection Future Applications : • To detect Sub-synchronous Resonance (SSR) phenomena in large synchronous generators caused by faulty induction machines with faulty squirrel cage. • To detect sub-harmonics in Industrial Plants with a large installation of power electronics

S-PRO – Sub-Harmonic Protection Unique Features • Sub-harmonic detectors associated to each of the three phase AC analog phase currents and voltages – Two (2) detectors are provided for each three phase analog quantities. – Configurable alarming or tripping – An innovative “Operations/Minute” trigger monitors the subharmonic level to cope up with the statistical nature of wind turbine operations and availability • Four (4) sets of configurable three phase current summation virtual channels suitable for ring bus configuration are also monitored

S-PRO – Sub-Harmonic Protection

S-PRO – Sub-Harmonic Protection Inputs and Outputs • 4 sets of 3 -Phase CT inputs (<0. 25 VA) – 5 A RMS – nominal (1 Amp nominal version available) – 15 A RMS - maximum continuous – 100 A for 1 second - maximum full scale without distortion – 400 A for 1 second - maximum thermal rating • 2 sets of 3 -Phase VT inputs (<0. 15 VA) – 69 V RMS - nominal – 138 V RMS – maximum continuous – 207 V RMS for 10 seconds - maximum thermal rating • 9 digital inputs, externally wetted • 14 programmable output contacts, plus 1 relay inoperative output

S-PRO – Sub-Harmonic Protection Rear Connections 3 U Unit 4 U Unit - Future

S-PRO – Sub-Harmonic Protection • Sub-Harmonic Detector – Frequency Range 5 – 25 Hz • Fundamental Frequency Protection functions — IEEE devices 27, 50 LS, 59 • Ring bus capability • Pro. Logic — 24 control logic statements • 8 setting groups with setting group logic

4000 Series Large LCD allows for better metering display. Fast processor and hardware platform. Navigation controls allows for and easy experience through maintenance, service and view menus. Optical ports ready for IEC-61850 Goose. Programmed target LEDs provides tripping information facilitating crew personnel. Unique front panel USB and Ethernet ports provide easy and fast access to settings and set up.

4000 Series Common Features • Easy to use, install, and maintain • Easy to Order – No Complex Product Codes • Setting and Analysis Interface/Software – Setting Software Tool – relay specific application – On-Line setting Tool – terminal emulator (VT 100) – Record. Base View – fault analysis tool – Export/Import COMTRADE record format • Pro. Logic Control Statements – full Boolean graphics • 8 Protection Setting Groups

4000 Series Common Features • Common Hardware Platform – Common look & feel across all products – Advanced DSP & Processor – Wide range power supply (48 -250 VDC, 120 VAC) – 48 -125 VDC or 125 -250 VDC Contact Wetting – SCADA Protocols(DNP 3. 0, Modbus, IEC 61850 Station – – – Bus) Flash memory Watch-dog self checking diagnostics Analog & digital I/O - Electrical isolation, transient & surge withstand, RFI immunity Sampling rate: 96 samples / cycle 30 Virtual Inputs

4000 Series Common Features Interface and Communication • Front panel – 240 x 128 graphics LCD – 16 LED panel indicators – USB port and RJ-45 100 Base. T Ethernet port • Rear Panel – 2 Fiber/Copper Ethernet • Copper: RJ-45, 100 Base-T • 100 Base-FX, Multimode ST style connector – 2 x RS 232 – Modem: 33. 6 Kbps, V. 32 bis – IRIG-B, BNC Style Connector

4000 Series Common Features Recording • Transient recording – 96 samples / cycle – Length is user configurable (range from 0. 2 to 10 seconds) – User configurable pre-fault time – 0. 10 to 9 seconds) • Dynamic swing recording (1 sample/cycle) – 1 samples/cycle oscillography of all analog inputs – Quantities: Frequency, Z 1, V 1, I 1, 3 P W, and 3 P VAR – Length is user configurable (range from 60 – 120 seconds) – Pre-trigger time is fixed at 30 seconds • Transient and swing recorder Options: – From up to 30 x 10 second to up to 150 x 2 second transient records, or – up to 150 x 120 seconds swing records, or – combination of transient, swing and optionally event records with a total number of records limited to 150

4000 Series Common Features Sequence of Event Recording • Event logging (1 ms resolution) – – – Circular log of 250 events Time of the event plus an event description. Trips, alarms, external input assertions, internal events Trip example: 2000 Nov 21, 15: 34: 19. 832: 51 on ABC Trip Data viewable via front panel or connected terminal

ERLPhase Pro Relays • Last Thoughts – Designed by electric utility protection engineers – Practical, intuitive, and easy to use software – Application engineering support team that will assist with application, implementation, and record analysis – History of satisfied customers

Thank you! René Midence Business Unit Manager – Protection Products rmidence@erlphase. com 905 -554

Additional Information © ERLPhase Power Technologies Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

Common Features • Environmental – Ambient Temperature • IEC 60068 -2 -1, 2 • -40°C to 85°C for 16 hours, -40°C to 70°C continuous – Electrical fast Transient • IEEE C 37. 90. 1: 4 k. V / IEC 60255 -22 -4 Class 3 / IEC 61000 -4 -4: Lev 3 • Tested to level 4 -4. 0 k. V 2. 5/5 k. Hz on power and I/O lines – Oscillatory Transient • IEEE C 37. 90. 1: 2. 5 k. V / IEC 60255 -22 -1: Lev 3 / IEC 61000 -412): Lev 3 • Test level = 2. 5 k. V – Insulation test • IEEE C 37. 90. 1 / (IEC 61000 -4 -4/IEC 60255 -22 -4): Class 3 • Power, analog inputs, ext inputs, output contacts at 1. 5 V, 50/60 Hz, 1 min

Common Features • Environmental – RFI Susceptibility • IEEE C 37. 90. 2: 35 V/m / (IEC 255 -22 -3/IEC 61000 -43): Level 3 • 10 V/m modulated, 35 V/ unmodulated – Vibration Shock and Bump • (IEC 60255 -21 -1, 2 / IEC 60068 2 -8, 27, 29): Class 1 • 5 g and 15 g – Conducted RF Immunity • (IEC 60255 -22 -6 / IEC 61000 -4 -6): Level 3 – Voltage Interruptions • IEC 60255 -11 / IEC 61000 -4 -11 • 200 ms interrupt