ERIKSON 2222021 Adult Psychology Erikson 1902 1994 n

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ERIKSON 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

ERIKSON 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson 1902 -1994 n n n Born in Frankfurt to Danish parents Abandoned prior

Erikson 1902 -1994 n n n Born in Frankfurt to Danish parents Abandoned prior to birth by father Step-dad-Jewish Pediatrician Uncertain about identity in youth No advanced degree Trained under Anna Freud-child analyst 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson’s Theory For Erikson, the most important force driving human behavior and the development

Erikson’s Theory For Erikson, the most important force driving human behavior and the development of personality was social interaction. 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

“Eight Stages of Man" was unique in that it covered the entire lifespan rather

“Eight Stages of Man" was unique in that it covered the entire lifespan rather than childhood and adolescent development. 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson’s Theory The individual is provided with a "sensitive period" in which to successfully

Erikson’s Theory The individual is provided with a "sensitive period" in which to successfully resolve each crisis before a new crisis is presented. 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson’s Theory The results of the resolution, whether successful or not, are carried forward

Erikson’s Theory The results of the resolution, whether successful or not, are carried forward to the next crisis and provide the foundation for its resolution. 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Epigenetic Principle n n n There Is A Natural, Predetermined Order To Development. Personality

Epigenetic Principle n n n There Is A Natural, Predetermined Order To Development. Personality growth follows a sequence of inner, predetermined laws. Each person develops through a sequence of stages that emerge in accordance with this preset plan. 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

At each stage a person is confronted with a CRISIS that must be resolved.

At each stage a person is confronted with a CRISIS that must be resolved. Each crisis is represented by a healthy versus an unhealthy resolution that can be represented as polar opposites on a straight line. Trust-------------------Mistrust 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

A person’s social environment has an extremely important effect on how each crisis is

A person’s social environment has an extremely important effect on how each crisis is resolved, but it does not determine the order in which stages emerge! 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

The epigenetic principle states that: …there is a universal, biologically determined conception of what

The epigenetic principle states that: …there is a universal, biologically determined conception of what a healthy personality is. 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

The stages are sequential but they are NOT HIERARCHICAL. Each new stage emerges according

The stages are sequential but they are NOT HIERARCHICAL. Each new stage emerges according to the predetermined biological plan irrespective of how successful the resolution of the previous stage was. 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson’s Eight Stages 1 Trust vs. Mistrust Infancy 1. Trust vs. Mistrust 0 -1

Erikson’s Eight Stages 1 Trust vs. Mistrust Infancy 1. Trust vs. Mistrust 0 -1 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology Child develops a belief that the environment can be counted on to meet his or her basic physiological and social needs.

Trust vs Mistrust - Infancy n n 2/22/2021 GOAL: successful nursing, peaceful warmth, comfortable

Trust vs Mistrust - Infancy n n 2/22/2021 GOAL: successful nursing, peaceful warmth, comfortable exertion – HEALTHY BONDING – feelings of trust & hope Disruption: feeling mistrust & abandonment-insecurity, suspicion of environment-world cannot be trusted Adult Psychology

n n Significant relations: n Mother Psychosocial modalities n To get and to give

n n Significant relations: n Mother Psychosocial modalities n To get and to give in return 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n Maladaptive Tendency (too much Trust not enough Mistrust) Sensory maladjustment n n n

n Maladaptive Tendency (too much Trust not enough Mistrust) Sensory maladjustment n n n Malignant Tendency n n n (too much Mistrust not enough Trust) Withdrawal Virtue –hope (a good balance) 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson’s Eight Stages Child learns what he/she can control Autonomy vs. and develops a

Erikson’s Eight Stages Child learns what he/she can control Autonomy vs. and develops a Shame & sense of free will Doubt Toddlerhood and corresponding 2. Autonomy vs. Shame sense of regret and 2 -3 sorrow for inappropriate use of self-control. 2 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt n n GOAL: child have control over body –

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt n n GOAL: child have control over body – toilet training – successful difference between right & wrong, control over impulses Disruption: if overcontrolled & punitivenegative self-image. I am bad, I can never succeed 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n n Significant relations: n Parents Psychosocial modalities n To hold onto to let

n n Significant relations: n Parents Psychosocial modalities n To hold onto to let go 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n Maladaptive Tendency (too much autonomy not enough shame) n n Impulsiveness Malignant Tendency

n Maladaptive Tendency (too much autonomy not enough shame) n n Impulsiveness Malignant Tendency (too much shame not enough autonomy) n n Compulsiveness Virtue -Willpower 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson’s Eight Stages 3 Initiative vs. Guilt Early Childhood 3. Initiative vs. Guilt 3

Erikson’s Eight Stages 3 Initiative vs. Guilt Early Childhood 3. Initiative vs. Guilt 3 -6 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology Child learns to begin action, to explore, to imagine as well as feeling remorse for actions.

Initiative vs Guilt n n GOAL: to plan and carry out actions & get

Initiative vs Guilt n n GOAL: to plan and carry out actions & get along with peers as autonomous & independent person – Preschool Disruption: fear of pursuing of goals in life-inability to make decisions, lack of initiative taking- poor risk taking-low self -confidence 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n n Significant relations: n Family Psychosocial modalities n To go after to play

n n Significant relations: n Family Psychosocial modalities n To go after to play 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n Maladaptive Tendency (too much Initiative not enough Guilt) n n Ruthlessness Malignant Tendency

n Maladaptive Tendency (too much Initiative not enough Guilt) n n Ruthlessness Malignant Tendency (too much Guilt not enough Initiative) n n Inhibition Virtue -Purpose 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson’s Eight Stages 4 Industry vs. Inferiority Middle Childhood 4. Industry vs. Inferiority 6

Erikson’s Eight Stages 4 Industry vs. Inferiority Middle Childhood 4. Industry vs. Inferiority 6 -12 (approx. ) 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology Child learns to do things well or correctly in comparison to a standard or to others

Industry vs Inferiority n n GOAL: derive pleasure & satisfaction from completion of tasks

Industry vs Inferiority n n GOAL: derive pleasure & satisfaction from completion of tasks – Grammar. Middle school – Success- Problem solver & pride in accomplishment - competent Disruption: feelings of inferior, unable to accomplish, incompetent, not as good as peers 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n n Significant relations: n Neighborhood and school Psychosocial modalities n To compete, to

n n Significant relations: n Neighborhood and school Psychosocial modalities n To compete, to make things togethe 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n Maladaptive Tendency (too much Industry not enough Inferiority) Narrow virtuosity Malignant Tendency (too

n Maladaptive Tendency (too much Industry not enough Inferiority) Narrow virtuosity Malignant Tendency (too much Inferiority not n n enough Industry) Inertia Virtue-Competency n n 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson’s Eight Stages 5 Develops a sense of self in relationship Adolescence to others

Erikson’s Eight Stages 5 Develops a sense of self in relationship Adolescence to others and to own internal thoughts and 5. Identity vs. Role desires Diffusion • social 12 -18 (approx. ) identity • personal 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology identity Identity vs. Role Confusion

n n Significant relations: n Peer groups and role models Psychosocial modalities n To

n n Significant relations: n Peer groups and role models Psychosocial modalities n To be oneself, to share oneself 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n Maladaptive Tendency Ego Identity/role confusion n Fanaticism Malignant Tendency role confusion/Identity n Repudiation

n Maladaptive Tendency Ego Identity/role confusion n Fanaticism Malignant Tendency role confusion/Identity n Repudiation n Virtue-Fidelity n 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson’s Eight Stages 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation Young Adulthood 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 20

Erikson’s Eight Stages 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation Young Adulthood 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 20 s 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology Develops ability to give and receive love; begins to make long-term commitment to relationships

Intimacy vs Isolation n n GOAL: to learn interacting on deeper level, revealing Self

Intimacy vs Isolation n n GOAL: to learn interacting on deeper level, revealing Self to others, find companionship with similar others, love relationship with partner Disruption: inability to create strong social ties, loss self in isolation & loneliness, becomes a loner or superficial 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n Significant relations: n n Partners and friends Psychosocial modalities n 2/22/2021 To lose

n Significant relations: n n Partners and friends Psychosocial modalities n 2/22/2021 To lose and find oneself in another Adult Psychology

n Maladaptive Tendency (Too much Intimacy/ Not enough Isolation) n n Promiscuity Malignant Tendency

n Maladaptive Tendency (Too much Intimacy/ Not enough Isolation) n n Promiscuity Malignant Tendency (Too much Isolation/ Not enough Intimacy) n n Exclusion Virtue-Love 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson’s Eight Stages 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation Middle Adulthood 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation Adulthood

Erikson’s Eight Stages 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation Middle Adulthood 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation Adulthood 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology Develops interest in guiding the development of the next generation

Generativity vs Stagnation n n GOAL: value giving self to others-form bearing & raising

Generativity vs Stagnation n n GOAL: value giving self to others-form bearing & raising children-community service-give back to world-ensure success of future generations Disruption: feelings that life is worthless & boring-life is meaningless-not enjoying worldly success 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n n Significant relations: n Household and workmates Psychosocial modalities n To make be,

n n Significant relations: n Household and workmates Psychosocial modalities n To make be, to take care of 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n Maladaptive Tendency (Too much Generativity/ Not enough Stagnation) n n Overextension Malignant Tendency

n Maladaptive Tendency (Too much Generativity/ Not enough Stagnation) n n Overextension Malignant Tendency (Too much Stagnation/ Not enough Generativity) n n Rejectivity Virtue-Caring 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

Erikson’s Eight Stages 8 Egointegrity vs. Later Despair Adulthood 8. Integrity vs. Despair Old

Erikson’s Eight Stages 8 Egointegrity vs. Later Despair Adulthood 8. Integrity vs. Despair Old age 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology Develops a sense of acceptance of life as it was lived and the importance of the people and relationships that individual developed over the lifespan

Ego Integrity vs Despair n n GOAL: in old age-derive wisdom from life experiences-look

Ego Integrity vs Despair n n GOAL: in old age-derive wisdom from life experiences-look back on life see meaning, order & integrity-pleasant reflections-present pursuits. Disruption: sense of despair: I have not accomplished what I would have liked to in life-it now is too late to do anything about it 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n n Significant relations: n Mankind or “my kind” Psychosocial modalities n To be

n n Significant relations: n Mankind or “my kind” Psychosocial modalities n To be through having been, to face not being. 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

n Maladaptive Tendency (Too much Ego Identity/ Not enough Dispair) n n Presumption Malignant

n Maladaptive Tendency (Too much Ego Identity/ Not enough Dispair) n n Presumption Malignant Tendency (Too much Dispair/ Not enough Ego Identity) Disdain Virtue-Wisdom n n 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

REVIEW n 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

REVIEW n 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

COMPARISON OF STAGES FREUD ERIKSON n Genital 5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion n Latency

COMPARISON OF STAGES FREUD ERIKSON n Genital 5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion n Latency 4. Industry vs. Inferiority n Oedipal 3. Initiative vs. guilt n Anal 2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt n Oral 1. Trust vs. Mistrust 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

ERIKSON’S ADULT STAGES 8. Integrity vs. Despair 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (self-absorption) 6. Intimacy

ERIKSON’S ADULT STAGES 8. Integrity vs. Despair 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (self-absorption) 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

A major criticism of Erikson’s theory is that it is based primarily on work

A major criticism of Erikson’s theory is that it is based primarily on work done with boys and men. 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

ERIKSON 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology

ERIKSON 2/22/2021 Adult Psychology