Erik Robelen Assistant editor and reporter for Education

Erik Robelen Assistant editor and reporter for Education Week and co-author of the blog Curriculum Matters.

Learning Science Outside the Classroom Expert Presenters: Dr. John H. Falk is Professor of Free-Choice Science Learning and Director of the Center for Research on Lifelong STEM Learning, both at Oregon State University. Alan J. Friedman, former director and CEO of the New York Hall of Science, consultant in museum development and science communication, and member of the National Assessment Government Board

When and Why Do People Learn Science and What Sources Do They Use? John H. Falk, Ph. D Sea Grant Professor of Free-Choice Learning Oregon State University

When Do People Learn Science?

Big Picture • Learning is lifelong: 24 -7 -70+ • Less then 3% of life spent in formal instruction • Traditional gatekeepers of knowledge – schools, libraries, government – no longer in total control. • The boundaries between where, when and why we learn are disappearing • Learning is continuous & cumulative

11: 00 PM 10 20 12 30 40 LIFE SPAN 50 60 70 S TH N O 0 M 2 7: 00 AM 4 6 8 10 11: 00 AM ge K-12 lle 3: 00 PM Co TIME 7: 00 PM

Why Do People Learn Science?

People Learn Science • • Satisfy Personal Curiosity/Interest On-the-Job Experience/Training For a Hobby To Support the Needs of Others (e. g. , children) • Satisfy a Need (illness, environmental problem, etc. ) • For School or other Career-Related Need

Probability of a degree in science as function of whether in 8 th Grade a child expected (dark line) or didn’t expect (light line) to pursue a science career.

What Sources Significantly Contribute to STEM Learning?

Science Learning Infrastructure Internet Schools & Universities Print Media (Books, Magazines, Newspapers Friends & Family LEARNER Electronic Media (TV, radio, film) Hobby Groups “Museums” Community Organizations Workplace

A Review of Over 50 Studies of Afterschool Programs • Quality afterschool programs improved school attendance, engagement in learning, test scores and grades • Frequency and duration of afterschool participation increases benefits • High-risk youth show the greatest benefits

Regression Analysis Predicting Science Knowledge Only statistically significant (p <. 05) independent variables shown for full model. Adjusted R 2 = 0. 45, F = 66. 52, p <. 001

Conclusion • The public learns science across a lifetime, from many places, for many reasons, most of them related to their own personal needs and interests • Out-of-school experiences make a significant contribution to the public’s science learning • Science learning is a never-ending cumulative process so all educators should design their educational interventions in ways that build upon prior experiences and lead to subsequent experiences

What’s Happening in Informal Science Education? Alan J. Friedman Consultant Museum Development & Science Communication

Informal Science Education = Learning during the 95% of our lives which we spend outside the formal education system = Also called “free choice learning, ” because learners set their own agenda = Includes aquariums, museums, zoos, botanic gardens, and visitor centers, plus television, magazines, books, libraries, the Internet = 61% of all adults visit an ISE institution at least once a year Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 17

Science Museums are the Fastest Growing Sector of the Museum World = Several new “hands-on” science museums open each year = 350 now in USA alone = $1+ billion per year total budgets = 177 million visits per year in USA = about 60 million visitors on school field trips

Science-Technology Centers Share a Lot, Yet Each is Different from the Others tryscience. org = Find just about every science museum on the planet; dozens of vetted activities from science museums for use on or offline; in 9 languages Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 19

CW from top left: Vancouver BC, Paris FR, Duxford UK, Richmond VA, Indianapolis, IN Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 20

=Citizenscience. org – Individuals, families, students do data collection and analysis for real science research Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 21

=Nobelprize. org – Exquisite simulation activities of real experiments, inspiring stories, and more Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 22

=Sciencebuddies. org – Hundreds of inquiry science fair projects, way beyond that model volcano; career advice and more Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 23

=pbskids. org/designsquad/ – The TV show is cool, but even better are teens doing engineering for delight at school or at home Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 24

=Sciencefriday. com – Millions listen, but even more get it through the Web, Podcasts, Blogs, Tweets …. Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 25

27, 500 Inservice Teachers Take In-Depth Training in Science Museums Each Year = Museum staff know both content and pedagogy = They are used to paying attention to learners = Museums have a culture of ongoing iterative improvement

Apprenticeships for Students and Pre. Service Teachers Are Increasingly Popular = Exposure to real phenomena, scientists, technologies = Culture of inquiry, love of science and technology = Good balance of intensity, evaluation, and enjoyment, well suited to most youth

Some Connection with Formal Education Has Always Been a Feature of Informal Education, But Should We Expect More? = For schools the use of informal learning is typically an optional “enrichment” rather than an essential piece of the core curriculum or strategy = Should informal learning prize retaining its unique differences from what happens in classrooms?

How Should The Relationships Between Formal and Informal Education Change? = Should schools incorporate informal learning pathways in a more serious, structured, integral manner? = Should museums and other informal learning organizations redesign their programs to serve formal education more directly? = Should museums become more like schools? = Should schools become more like museums? Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 29

The Informal Learning Realm is Well Organized—Sector by Sector. See CAISE at www. insci. org = www. astc. org for science centers & museums = www. ips-planetarium. org for planetariums = www. aza. orgfor zoos and aquariums = www. publicgardens. org for botanical gardens and arboreta = www. cpb. org/aboutpb for public radio and TV = www. scienceafterschool. org for community afterschool providers = 4 -H. org/programs_mission_mandates/set. html for community science programs nationwide Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 30

An on-demand archive of this webinar will be available at www. edweek. org/go/webinar in less than 24 hrs.