Eric Prebys LARP Program Director 71309 Background Progress

Eric Prebys LARP Program Director 7/13/09

Background Progress and Highlights in 2010 Summary of findings from last review Chamonix New schedule and implications for LARP Future planning and this Review E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 2

Proposed in 2003 to coordinate efforts at US labs related to the LHC accelerator (as opposed to CMS or ATLAS) Originally FNAL, BNL, and LBNL SLAC joined shortly thereafter Some work (AC Dipole) supported at UT Austin LARP Goals Advance International Cooperation in High Energy Accelerators Advance High Energy Physics By helping the LHC integrate luminosity as quickly as possible Advance U. S. Accelerator Science and Technology LARP includes projects related to initial operation, but a significant part of the program concerns the LHC upgrades E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 3

Accelerator Systems Accelerator physics Instrumentation Lumi monitor Schottky Tune tracker AC Dipole Other hardware Collimation Crab cavities Low Level RF Magnet Systems Goal: demonstrate Nb 3 Sn as a viable technology for the ultimate upgrade of the LHC ~half the program Programmatic Activities Program management, travel, meetings, etc Toohig Fellowship Long Term Visitor (LTV) program E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 4

CC 09 Crab Cavity Review Crab cavities endorsed for high luminosity upgrade of the LHC. Chamonix meeting Very important decisions about energy, schedule, future More about this shortly. LHC has restarted! Luminosity is steadily increasing All indications are that it’s running well E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 5

Accelerator Systems Instrumentation All LARP instrumentation in and operational Tune tracking AC Dipole Heavily used in day to day operation Lumi Monitor Schottky Synchrotron light monitor LLRF cavity characterization tools Collimation First rotatable collimator almost complete Integrated into plan for CERN qualification and Phase II collimation. Good results from UA 9 and T 980 crystal collimation experiments. Beam Physics E-cloud work driving design of LLRF feedback system in SPS New effort on flat bunches for Large Pewinski angle scheme Lots of general physics eg 4 contributed orals + 33 posters at IPAC 10 E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 6

Magnet Systems LQ reached design goal!! 90 mm x 3. 6 m @ 200 T/m Original (2003) goal of LARP program First tests of HQ Already exceeds Phase I specification Conductor chosen for future magnets 108/127 cable shows less flux instability than 54/61 TQS 02 c test (CERN) TQS 03 a test (CERN) SSL 1. 9 K SSL 4. 4 K E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 7

Long Term Visitors program Past: Steve Peggs (BNL): crystal collimatoin (UA 9) Jim Strait (FNAL): machine protection, incident analysis Current/Future: Alan Fisher (SLAC): synchrotron light monitor Rama Calaga (BNL, former Toohig): crab cavities, commissioning Eliana Gianfelice (FNAL): abort gap, commissioning Chandra Bhat (FNAL): Flat bunches Uli Wienands (SLAC): PS 2/PS Toohig Fellowship Past Helene Felice (LBNL, now postdoc) Rama Calaga (BNL, now LTV) Riccardo Di. Maria (BNL, now CERN Fellow) Current Ryoichi Miyamoto (BNL, former FNAL joint Ph. D) Dariusz Boican (FNAL) E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 8

John Fox (SLAC) has taken over chairmanship of the Toohig Committee, and we are in the final interview phase for two very promising candidates (will make an offer to at least one). Will solicit a new round of applications in the fall, with the goal of conducting final interviews at our collaboration meeting in April 2011. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 9

E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 10

$701. 8 k remaining E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 11

E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 12

E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 13

E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 14

E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 15

Quality and Relevance: Exploit LARP-installed hardware for full physics potential, and to close design loop Response: Agree. Our Toohig fellows and Long Term Visitors have remained closely aligned with LARP hardware. Develop independent analysis of luminosity upgrade optimization path, and place LARP activities within this path. Response: We continue to work closely with CERN to most efficiently allocate LARP resources toward understanding the best upgrade path and contributing to it; however, we feel that is not practical, nor do we have the resources, to launch a separate independent effort. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 16

Beam Dynamics Coordination: Develop an independent LARP effort in LHC beam dynamics, with student/Toohig Fellow emphasis Response: the LARP beam dynamics efforts are largely independent, although as always coordinated with CERN Make use of beam dynamics calculations to guide magnet development efforts Response: magnet specifications will be part of the overall luminosity upgrade proposal. USLARP has been formally invited to join with Eu. CARD and CERN to produce this proposal. E-Cloud Proceed to next level of experiment Define project goals Response: Agree on both. We are pursuing experiments and currently focusing on the goal of defining the feedback system in the SPS E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 17

E-lens Le. Leverage off of RHIC development, and installed FNAL infrastructure Concentrate on hollow-beam R&D Response: we plan to limit our work on beam compensation on hold pending results from RHIC and concentrate on hollow beam for beam scraping. Instrumentation (Schottky, Lumi, AC Dipole, Sync. Light Monitor) Exploit physics potential Utilize Toohig Fellows and Long Term Visitors Response: Agree, and have been using this model. However, our manpower and resources are limited, so our goal is always to get our hardware under CERN control. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 18

Collimators After finishing RC 1, evaluate direction of program jointly with CERN Make sure resources demanded are likely to yield project with reasonable chance of implementation Response: strongly agree. We have been working very closely with Ralph Assmann in integrate our design into the overall CERN plans for Phase II collimation. Crab Cavities Should project go forward, support in base program Response: strongly agree. Crab cavities are too big for LARP. In light of the decisions at CC 09, we are awaiting a plan from CERN to inform a separate APUL style US program. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 19

Funding* Do not be shy about funding requests. LARP has shown its worth Put place-holder in lieu of specific projects in far-future funding plans Response: very strongly agree. LARP is entirely resource limited, and we could effectively utilize dramatically increased resources. *my favorite recommendation E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 20

Find a method to more assuredly match the LARP Magnet Program to CERN’s needs. Response: agree. We have continued to work closely with CERN to assure that our magnet program successfully demonstrates the technology. We feel that our work is largely responsible for the recent endorsement of Nb 3 Sn as the base line technology for the high luminosity upgrade. Develop your best projection for a prioritized list of specific technical results that will be needed to form the basis of a Phase 2 technology decision and APUL 2 transition. Response: agree. See details in magnet talks E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 21

Examine carefully which of the above results can be obtained using the 90 mm platform (TQ and LQ) now available. Use that platform to the greatest extent possible. Choose an HQ length that is just long enough to provide adequate body field region for evaluation of field quality. Response: agree. We are continuing are studies of the LQ as we test the initial HQ. We are still working to determine the optimum length for the next HQ. Make a technical risk assessment to identify risks that may arise from test results, alternatives to mitigate the risks, and potential impacts on cost and schedule. Response: strongly agree and are working towards that goal. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 22

Be more proactive: establish independently a plausible luminosity upgrade path, for LARP use for Programmatic Guidance MS: should define now a quantitative deliverable Phase II IR Quad Design AS: provide an independent assessment of the LHC IR region beamdynamics/optics as it evolves to provide quantitative guidance for the magnet team Response: We are working very hard to integrate both our MS and AS efforts into the overall design of the final upgrade. We simply do not have the resources to launch an independent, parallel effort, nor do we feel such an effort would have a high probability of success with CERN. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 23

AS Incubator activities versus prototype hardware fabrication? Ad Hoc initiatives with high intellectual content are good and match LARP as a program Building hardware 'closes the loop' and this is also good Introduce a mechanism for deciding when to make the transition from program to project: a greater than X$ cost threshold, or deliverables are involved or the activity has a fixed schedule When such tests are met for Ad Hoc studies then provide a project definition (cost, schedule, technical specs, milestones and deliverables) Response: agree. We are working along these lines for both the crab cavity effort and the collimation effort. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 24

Energy Joints not reliable above 3. 5 Te. V Run at 3. 5+3. 5 for ~fb-1 or roughly end of 2011, then shut down for ~18 months to do all repairs to get to 6. 5 -7. 0. Collimation Initial (Phase I*) collimation only good to a luminosity of a few 1033. A plan is in place for collimation which is good to “ultimate” luminosity of a few 1034. Schedule being worked out Will involve LARP collimators, if they pass tests in SPS and Hi. Rad. Mat Crab Cavities In a major shift from last year, crab cavities are now considered part of the base line plan for the Phase II upgrade They worked at KEK They don’t require PS 2 They lead to lower instantaneous rates than Large Pewinski Angle Solution LARP has played a major role in this *note confusing inconsistent “phases” for collimation and triplet upgrade E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 25

In 2014, the LHC will optimistically accumulate ~10’s of fb-1, and the luminosity will still be increasing. The lifetime of the existing triplet magnets is ~500 fb-1 Is it likely the experiments will want to stop for a year upgrade followed by a year of re-commissioning? Decision Eliminate the two phase upgrade. Focus on a single upgrade which will reach a leveled luminosity of > 5 x 1034 cm-2 s-1. Base line recommendation includes both Nb 3 Sn quadrupoles and crab cavities E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 26

The energy decision affects LARP only indirectly e. g. we will have to maintain a presence to commision lumi. mon. Generally, all the decisions at Chamonix validate the LARP program If we can deliver prototypes on time, at least some LARP collimators will play a role in the Phase II Collimation. Crab cavities, which were championed by LARP, are now part of the base line planning for the Phase II luminosity upgrade. Although the PS 2 effort has been deferred, LARP has focused on instabilities and collective effects, work which will be fully applicable to improving the existing PS or PSB upgrade. LARP is now acknowledged as the leader of the Nb 3 Sn R&D. Upgrade timing The 2020 date is consistent with LARP’s plans. If the date moves to 2018, we would need additional funding in the next few years (see magnet talks) E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 27

It has been pointed out that increasing the energy of the PSB from 1. 4 2. 0 Ge. V could potentially provide improvement similar to that promised by the PS 2 * A CERN working group led by Klaus Hanke examined this, found no show stoppers, and has produced a conceptual plan. We are discussing potential LARP involvement Shielding/beam dump calculations? Space charge modeling? MD studies? Other? See talk by Uli Wienands E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL *S. Myers’ summary of talk by M. Giovanozzi at Chamonix 2010 7/13/09 28

A lot of work has gone into coordinating US activities with CERN in the area of accelerator science In addition to our work, Dennis Kovar has met with Steve Myers and Rolf Heuer several times. In addition, the cancelation of the Phase I upgrade has suspended the existing APUL project and put the funds which had tentatively been assigned to that project in an undefined state. Possibilities: Quickly identify new tasks at a level of development sufficient to become production projects Increase LARP funding for promising R&D that could become projects on a slightly longer time scale Chief candidates: Collimation Crab Cavities SPS Feedback system New magnet tooling applicable to ultimate magnet production. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 29

1. R&D on superconductors and magnets. An enhancement of this R&D may allow us to make a decision by 2013 on the choice of the type of quadrupoles to be used for the luminosity upgrade foreseen for the period 2018 -2020. In addition R&D on higher field dipoles would allow us to exchange existing dipoles in the dispersion suppressor zones with shorter higher field ones and thereby liberate space for the installation of the collimators. (USLARP) 2. R&D on crab cavities. Crab cavities may become an essential ingredient in the luminosity upgrade foreseen for 2018 -2020. This work has already begun and we would like to step up the pace. (USLARP) 3. R&D for superconducting links to allow removal of the power supplies from the radiation areas, and thereby avoid single event upsets 4. Construction and delivery of half of the insertion quads needed for the new insertions. (APUL) 5. Collimation may need in the future the rotatable metallic collimators developed at SLAC. Such collimators may be needed if transverse impedance begins to limit the intensity and also as replacements for some collimators of the present system. (USLARP) (UA 9) Crystal collimation is also an R&D subject for USLARP but of lower priority. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 LARP 30

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Construction and delivery of superconducting links for remote cold powering (bring power converters to the surface) to avoid single event upsets. For the SPS performance upgrade, coating of (or possibly grooves in) the vacuum chamber will be necessary to mitigate against the electron cloud build up. (USLARP/APUL) For the SPS performance upgrade, fast wide-band beam feedback will be needed to stabilize the high intensity beams. Such systems have been developed at SLAC for PEP II. (APUL) For cleaning (scraping) LHC beams, the hollow electron beam lens may prove to be the most efficient means of removing halos form high intensity LHC beams. Such a lens has been developed at FNAL. (USLARP) For the energy upgrade of the PS Booster we will need to replace many power supplies and septa and fast kicker systems. (APUL) E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 LARP 31

In response to request from the DOE, Myers produced a second list of possible “shovel ready” items for which some of the money earmarked for APUL could be spent: Working spare SC D 1 separator magnet to replace the defective spare which BNL built for the LHC Could either repair the damaged magnet or build a new one High frequency feedback system for the SPS Along the lines of LARP E-cloud/LLRF work Prototype crab cavity Collimation system for the SPS This one is somewhat confusing. SPS collimation is only in a very conceptual state right now. A list of “checkbook engineering” items, which we and the DOE don’t find interesting. In a phone conversation with Steve Myers, he verified that LHC collimation should rightly have appeared on the list as well. LARP E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 32

One of the ground rules for the first $7 M in APUL funds was that a successful project go to CD-1 by ~the end of August and complete by the end of FY 12 Of the projects cited, only the D 1 spare could realistically be ready on that time scale. Nevertheless, we see this list as strong endorsement for several LARP activities Collimation SPS Feedback system Crab cavities and will argue that future APUL money be reprogrammed into LARP to support these activities. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 33

LARP relies heavily on contributions from the core programs at the labs, particularly Scientific effort in Accelerator Systems General superconducting R&D in the Magnet Systems (eg, mirror magnet effort). Because of budget issues at SLAC, there is a possibility that this “off-project” effort will be dramatically reduced: Currently at the level of 4 FTE’s ~$1. 2 M Our current “blue sky” budget, assumes we will have to make up at least half of this from direct LARP funds. If SLAC core support is reduced without a commensurate increase of LARP funding, our Accelerator Systems efforts will be significantly hindered. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 34

This has been a very successful year for LARP All LARP instrumentation in and working, including several devices vital to day-to-day operation. LQ met the design goals set 7 years ago. Initial tests of HQ Nb 3 Sn has been chosen as the base line technology for the full luminosity upgrade of the LHC In a dramatic shift, CERN has strongly endorsed crab cavity development. Our LTV’s and Toohig Fellows continue to do first rate work at CERN. We have gained recognition at CERN and been asked to formally participate in plans for the full luminosity upgrade. We hope to take advantage of the opportunity to redirect funds formally allocated to APUL to very worthy projects within LARP. E. Prebys, DOE Review, FNAL 7/13/09 35