Eric Prebys Fermilab Director US LHC Accelerator Research
Eric Prebys, Fermilab Director, US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) July 9, 2012
1. 2. LARP management should provide a detailed plan, including budget profile, to DOE on transitioning from LARP R&D into HL-LHC by Feb 1, 2012. Provide to DOE by Feb 1, 2012, a prioritized list of LARP R&D activities indicating which will be emphasized and which will be reduced. We have expanded this to include all possible US contributions to the LHC, including those projects not related to LARP, which we present as a “strategic plan” for the next 10 years. US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 2
Now: Run at 3. 5 or 4. 0 Te. V Push luminosity as high as possible First Long Shutdown (LS 1): ~2013 Fix all joints Add dispersion collimation around IR 3? Second Long Shutdown (LS 2): ~2017 Complete collimation system Involves 11 T dipoles to make room for dispersion collimators at several IR’s Reach (at least) nominal luminosity after that Collimation limit >5 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 Hi Luminosity Shutdown: ~2021 Install large aperture, high field Nb 3 Sn quads Crab cavities? Enable leveled 5 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 operation US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 3
The upgrades of the LHC have been organized under the HL-LHC project. A subset of those activities has been captured in the Hi. Lumi-LHC effort, partially funded by the European Union. It has been agreed that LARP should be coordinated with this project Hi. Lumi Work Packages: WP 1: WP 2: WP 3: WP 4: WP 5: WP 6: WP 7: WP 8: Management Significant LARP and other US Involvement Beam Physics and Layout Magnet Design Crab Cavity Design LARP will be involved if Collimation and Beam Losses crystal or e-beam Machine Protection included Machine/Experiment Interface Environment & Safety To facilitate this, we have begun to hold joint collaboration meetings Fall: Europe, Spring: US US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 4
LARP non-LARP US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 5
The “R” in LARP is for “Research” LARP is an R&D organization ~Fixed budget scope and schedule contingency Not really set up for major hard deliverables Lumi monitor, although ultimately very successful, was a cautionary tale Model: Promising LARP R&D will be used to motivate separately funded and monitored projects US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 6
Several LARP projects have the potential to be developed into significant US contributions to the LHC Final focus quads based on Nb 3 Sn Production based on LARP R&D Crab cavities Currently part of the base line plan for the upgrade High bandwidth feedback for SPS and/or LHC Based on LARP R&D Collimation Rotatable collimator or other collimation initiatives within LARP are not part of the current plan, but potentially could be. Outside of LARP New to this discussion D 2 Separator Dipoles Built at BNL, based on RHIC dipoles and the original D 2 separators. 11 Tesla Dipoles Nb 3 Sn dipoles, built at FNAL, to provide same integrated field as current dipoles with a shorter magnet US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 7
The Magnet Systems part of LARP officially ends with the “LHQ” 4 m long 120 mm aperture demonstration magnet The parameters for the final focusing quadrupoles have recently been specified Aperture: 150 mm Total magnet lengths: Q 1 = 8 m Q 2 = 16 m Q 3 = 8 m Because this aperture is different than the LHQ, a new demonstration magnet will be needed prior to the prototype. US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 8
LARP+ ”a bit” New project US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 9
LARP has played a key role in advancing crab cavities to their current position as the base line approach for the high luminosity upgrade Focusing on a local scheme, which will require novel compact cavities that can fit between the beam lines The LARP program will support the development of two cavities up to the point they can be tested in the SPS. If the US decides to contribute to the production of crab cavities, it will require a new construction project outside of LARP. US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 10
*R. Calaga, Chamonix 2012 US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 11
LARP *R. Calaga, Chamonix 2012 US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 12
LARP US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 13
Collimation upgrade plans involve momentum cleaning collimators in the dispersion suppression (DS) suppression regions around IR 1, 2, and 5, as well as beta cleaning collimators near IR 3 and 7. Since this was not foreseen in the original design of the LHC, the required straight sections were not provided. An alternative to moving a large number of magnets (24 per IR) is to replace some of the existing dipoles with high field dipoles based on Nb 3 Sn Designed to operate at 1. 9 K and provide the same integrated field at the same current with a shorter magnet 2 5. 5 m Nb 3 Sn magnets operating at 11 T will replace a 14. 5 m Nb. Ti magnet operating at 8. 33 T. The 11 T dipole program has leveraged R&D from LARP, but is being developed outside of LARP as part of a bilateral agreement between CERN and Fermilab US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 14
US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 15
The D 2 separators are the first twin aperture magnets on each side of the interaction region. The existing D 2 magnets have 80 mm apertures, but the HL-LHC upgrade optics require this to be increased to 105 mm. A program is being discussed which will take advantage of BNL work on the RHIC dipoles and experience with the original D 2 s to develop these magnets. Nb. Ti operating at 1. 9 K 4. 2 T 10 m length 4 cryostated magnets (2 sides x 2 IRs) needed Like the 11 T magnets, this project has discussed outside of LARP. US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 16
US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 17
LARP has had a significant involvement in the LLRF system for the LHC Tools for characterization and optimization of the RF cavities This expertise has been applied to a potential feedback system for the SPS and/or LHC Nominally to combat e-cloud instability Can have other applications as well R&D plan Simulations and response measurement Development of a working protype Pickups Signal processing Kicker US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 18
US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 19
At present, there are no concrete plans to develop construction projects based on LARP collimation R&D, but there are several possiblities Rotatable collimators have been under development for some time within LARP. The prototype is scheduled to be shipped to CERN and tested. If it passes the tests, it will be considered for applications LHC A possible technology for secondary collimation: 30 total Possibly used for transfer lines or experiment protection Hollow electron beams Demonstrated in Tevatron Considering moving to CERN for test in LHC after LS 1 Crystal collimation Promising tests Possible application for primary collimation after LS 3 US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 20
Both experiments saw improved configuration in 2010 UA 9: improved goniometers and instrumentation installed over winter shutdown T 980: New crystals and instrumentation Very impressive channeling data from both experiments T 980 UA 9 US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 21
US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 22
The final plan for collimation in the LHC must wait until some experience is gained with 7 Te. V beams. The final plan may involve some number of LARP-style rotatable collimators, which cost ~$300 k each. Maximum of 30 = $9 M Production would take approximately 2 years. No estimates for implementation of hollow electron beam collimation at this time. US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 23
Possible De-scoping Nb 3 Sn magnets: Could produce less cold masses, down to a minimum of $20 M for prototype contribution alone 11 Tesla dipoles: it’s possible that the LHC will require less cold collimators, which could reduce the cost to ~$40 M Crab cavities: The US could produce a fraction of the production cavities, or possibly just complete the prototype work which will be funded under LARP. US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 24
US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 *L. Rossi, this review 25
US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 26
Nb 3 Sn has been the biggest activity of LARP and represents a unique US technological advantage US contribution to quad production should be maximized under all funding scenarios. Within LARP accelerator physics, the highest priorities will be crab cavities and high bandwidth feedback. Should be enough to achieve Crab cavity prototypes for test in SPS High bandwidth feedback functional prototype Under foreseeable funding scenarios, production of crab cavities at a lower priority Determining the relative priority of 11 T and D 2 projects outside of LARP mandate. Comments 11 T leverages the Nb 3 Sn R&D which was done for LARP, but D 2 lowest risk of all projects. US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 27
This is the beginning of a long process We have identified numerous areas where we can exploit US expertise to make significant contributions to the LHC It is extremely unlikely that all of these activities will be funding. It’s very important to get some idea of likely funding levels so we can set scope and priorities and begin the formal planning process. US LHC Long Term Plan July 9, 2012 28
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