Eric Kilroy VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS Introduction Virtual Private

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Eric Kilroy VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS

Eric Kilroy VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS

Introduction � Virtual Private Network �A way to connect to a private network through

Introduction � Virtual Private Network �A way to connect to a private network through a public network such as the internet.

Governing Standards Body � Virtual Private Networks are not governed by one specific body.

Governing Standards Body � Virtual Private Networks are not governed by one specific body. � Each Virtual Private Network is privately maintained and operated. �Every private network has a Network Administrator who oversees the usage of the network.

History � Companies spent massive resources to set up private networks known as Intranets.

History � Companies spent massive resources to set up private networks known as Intranets. �Intranets were costly and used leased line services, ATM, and Frame Relay to incorporate remote users. �Companies used remote access servers or ISDN for small sites and mobile workers. �SMEs were forced to use low speed switched services due to lack of money.

History � The internet became easier to access and bandwidth grew in capacity. �Companies

History � The internet became easier to access and bandwidth grew in capacity. �Companies put their Intranets on the web to make Extranets. ○ This linked internal and external users. � Although this was cost effective and quick and easy to do, it raised the issue of security

Specifications � The modern VPN covers the security factor. �VPNs now use tunneling and

Specifications � The modern VPN covers the security factor. �VPNs now use tunneling and complex encryption. �Privacy and data security is maintained in what is much like a dedicated point-to-point connection. � Because of the use of a public network, like the internet, VPNs are much less costly than Intranets.

Specifications � Early VPNs were complex and needed experts on hand to maintain. �Technology

Specifications � Early VPNs were complex and needed experts on hand to maintain. �Technology has come a long way, making it an easy and cheap solution for businesses. � With VPNs, companies can unite workers in different branches, different project teams, customers, mobile workers, and even workers from home.

Specifications � Workers and customers can connect securely by connecting to the POP or

Specifications � Workers and customers can connect securely by connecting to the POP or (point-of-presence) � VPNs save money by reducing long distance charges, network support fees, equipment inventories, and leased line fees.

Specifications � VPNs use security techniques such as tunneling and encryption to protect their

Specifications � VPNs use security techniques such as tunneling and encryption to protect their data. � Encryption is a way to scramble information. �When the text is encrypted it is referred to as cipher-text. �When the data is decrypted it is called cleartext.

Specifications � Encryption �Data gets encrypted at a gateway at the start of the

Specifications � Encryption �Data gets encrypted at a gateway at the start of the VPN tunnel. �The Gateway at the receiving end decrypts the information into clear-text. �The encryption uses the Data Encryption Standard.

Specifications � Encryption �The Data Encryption Standard or DES uses 56 -bit keys to

Specifications � Encryption �The Data Encryption Standard or DES uses 56 -bit keys to encrypt data. �Data is encrypted into 64 -bit blocks. �This provides 72, 057, 594, 037, 927, 900 different possible combinations. � 3 DES encrypts data multiple times. ○ Encrypts using 56 -bit key ○ Decrypts into completely different clear-text ○ Encrypts again

Specifications � Keys �Keys are what make encryption work. �The length of the key

Specifications � Keys �Keys are what make encryption work. �The length of the key determines security strength ○ 8 -bit keys 256 (28) combinations ○ 16 -bit keys 65, 536 (216) combinations ○ 56 -bit keys 72, 057, 594, 037, 927, 900 (256) combinations �Many VPNs today use 168 -bit keys ○ That’s 374, 144, 419, 156, 711, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 combinations

Specifications � Keys �Symmetrical keys means using the same key at both ends of

Specifications � Keys �Symmetrical keys means using the same key at both ends of the tunnel. ○ Keys must be kept confidential by both parties because of security concerns. ○ Become difficult to distribute �Asymmetrical keys easier to manage ○ Uses private and public keys. �Private used on one end. �Public given out to remote users

Specifications � VPNs use IPSec or IP Security Protocol �Internet standard protocol for tunneling,

Specifications � VPNs use IPSec or IP Security Protocol �Internet standard protocol for tunneling, authentication, and encryption. �Addresses issues ○ Access Control ○ Connection Integrity ○ Authentication of Data Origin ○ Protection Against Replays ○ Traffic Flow Confidentiality

Advantages/Drawbacks � VPNs are secure � Privacy is not a big issue � VPNs

Advantages/Drawbacks � VPNs are secure � Privacy is not a big issue � VPNs are interoperable. They are useable on many different systems. � They are easy to use and cost effective to maintain.

Application � VPNs are used by many different companies. � It can be on

Application � VPNs are used by many different companies. � It can be on different systems to connect remote users to the company

Questions?

Questions?

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