Ergot Ann Baker Katie Ditter Carrie Peterson Botanical

Ergot Ann Baker Katie Ditter Carrie Peterson

Botanical Characteristics • Parasite • Sclerotium • Conidia • Reproduction

History of Ergot • Discovery • Family • Names • Medicinal Purposes • Folklore

History of LSD • Discovery • Original Purpose • Social Impact

Chemistry of Alkaloids • Nitrogenous and Basic • Physiologically Active • Salt and Free Amine Formation • Solubility • Crystalline Solid • Bitter Taste

The Ergot Alkaloids • Structure based on indole ring • General biosynthesis of alkaloids • Starting amino acid is tryptophan • All ergot alkaloids are derivatives of (+)Lysergic Acid

The Ergot Alkaloids • Structure based on indole ring • Starting amino acid is tryptophan • All ergot alkaloids are derivatives of (+) -Lysergic Acid

General Biosynthesis of Alkaloids

Biosynthesis of Lysergic Acid

Important Derivatives Natural Products: Ergonovine Ergotamine Semisynthetic Products: Methylergonovine maleate Dihydroergotamine mesylate Lysergic acid diethylamine Synthetic Products: sumatriptan (Imitrex®)

History of Clinical Trials 1630…fed to animals (all died) 1778…duck and drake fed ergot 1831…fed rooster ergot extracts 1884…calmodulin alkaloid 1909…tyramine 1910…histamine 1906 -1918…ergotoxine and ergotamine

Peripheral Effects • smooth muscle contractions • Cures migraine headaches • lowers blood pressure • extracts used • Ergotamine tartrate + caffeine • dihydroergotamine

Uterotonic Effects • childbirth • accelerate childbirth • arrest hemorrhaging • Extracts used • ergonovine maleate • ergometrine • ergotamine (prolonged effects)

Neurohormonal Effects Serotonin antagonism • Extract • methysergide • Treatments • prophylaxis for migraine • carciniod syndrome • rhuematic affections

Neurohormonal Effects Adrenergic blockade • Treatments • high blood pressure • cerebral circulatory disorders • vascular disorders • cervical syndrome • Extracts used • dihydroergocornine • dihydroergokryptine • dihydroergocristine

Central Effects Bulbomedullary effects • Effects • bradycardia • vomiting • inhibition of vasomotor center • inhibition of pressoreceptor reflexes • Extracts • ergot alkaloids alone • (has sedative effect)

Central Effects Mesodrencephalic effects • Effects • hyperthermia • hyperglycemia • mydriasis • piloerection • tachypnea • hyperreflexia • general motor • hyperactivity • Extract • lysergide

LSD

References Robbers, J. E. , Speedie, M. K. & Tyler, V. E. (1996) Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology. Williams & Williams: Media, PA. Etc.