Ergogenic Aids Illegal Who decides whats illegal l

Ergogenic Aids Illegal

Who decides what’s illegal? l The World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) decides which drugs shall appear on the ‘banned list’ if it meets 2 of the following 3 criteria; – – – l Medical evidence proves that the substance or method has the potential to enhances or enhances performance Medical evidence that the substance or method represents an actual or potential health risk WADA determines that the substance or method violates the spirit of sport Any substance or method that has the potential to mask the use of other prohibited substances automatically appears on the banned list

Illegal Ergogenic Aids l. Illegal ergogenic aids can be classified by the potential result they may produce; – Make us fitter l – – – Anabolic Agents Stimulants Make us pain free l Narcotic agents Make us steady and stable l Make us more alert l – Blood Doping, EPO Make muscle bigger l – Make us bigger (bones and all) l – Beta Blockers HGH Mask the use of other drugs l Diuretics

Blood Doping – What is it? 1. 2. Blood is removed from the body and stored to maintain cell structure. During a rest period blood volume is restored, triggered by the bodies release of a hormone Erythropoietin (EPO) 1. 3. l Just like recovering from a blood donation Pre-competition the red blood cells are infused to increase the individuals red blood cell (RBC) count Similar results can be achieved by in taking synthetic (man made) EPO, which stimulates above normal RBC production

Blood doping & EPO – Advantages & Disadvantages l l l Advantages More red blood cells increased oxygen carrying ability Increased fitness! l l l Disadvantages Thickening of Blood clotting Stroke Heart Attack Dehydration

Anabolic agents – What is it? l Anabolic agents are synthetic or natural substances that mimic the action of testosterone

Anabolic Agents – Advantages & Disadvantages l l Advantages Increased lean muscle tissue Increased strength Reduced Fatigue Improved recovery l l l Disadvantages Liver damage Aggression / Depression Paranoia Stroke Heart Attack Males may suffer; – – – Increased breast tissue Infertility Reduced testicular volume

Stimulants – What is it? l Stimulants act upon the Central Nervous System. ‘Speeding Up’; – – – l Heart Rate Blood Pressure Stroke Volume Respiratory Rate Metabolism Examples include; – – – Amphetamines Cocaine Ecstasy

Stimulants – Advantages & Disadvantages l l Advantages Increased alertness Reduced Fatigue Increased aggression Increased competitive spirit l l l l Disadvantages No improvement to performance Dehydration Heat exhaustion Poor balance and coordination Headache & insomnia Nausea & dizziness DEATH! (1976 Tour) Drug Dependency

Narcotic Agents – What is it? l l Narcotics mask pain by acting upon the central nervous system. They depress and desensitise pain and injury messages sent to the brain. Examples include; – – Heroin Morphine Pethidine Methadone

Narcotic Agents – Advantages & Disadvantages l l Advantages Reduced pain sensation (mask pain) Improve confidence l l l Disadvantages Loss of balance Nausea Poor concentration Vomiting Constipation Fatigue

Diuretics – What is it? l l Increase fluid loss from the body by increasing urine production Used to mask the presence of other drugs during a urine sample

Diuretics – Advantages & Disadvantages l l Advantages Weight Loss Mask other illegal drugs through dilution of the urine l l l Disadvantages Fluid Loss Dehydration Headache

HGH – What is it? l l l Human Growth Hormone is a naturally occurring substance. HGH is naturally produced throughout our lifetime, most plentiful during youth. HGH stimulates production of cartilage, bone and muscle HGH was first isolated in 1956, only available when removed from the pituitary gland of corpses. In 1989 HGH was synthetically made in a laboratory, for its use by the medical community.

HGH – Advantages & Disadvantages l l Advantages Increased muscle tissue Improved recovery l Disadvantages Acromegaly – – l l Big hands Big face Larger organs putting stress on the body. ? ? ? Different effects for different people. ? ?