Erasmus Programmes in the CHERNE Activities Czech Technical

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Erasmus Programmes in the CHERNE Activities Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) Faculty of

Erasmus Programmes in the CHERNE Activities Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering 115 19 Praha 1, Břehová 7, Czech Republic CHERNE 2013, Salamanka 4. - 7. June 2013 1

The Erasmus Programme (Eu. Ropean Community Action Scheme for Mobility of University Students) is

The Erasmus Programme (Eu. Ropean Community Action Scheme for Mobility of University Students) is a European Union student exchange programme established in 1987. The CHERNE Courses from PAN (2002) till SARA were organized with the support of Erasmus Programme, the last courses with the support of IP Erasmus programme. CHERNE Prague group evaluates this activity as very successful. CHERNE 2013, Salamanka 4. - 7. June 2013 2

We plan to prepare the complete 1 semester course for Erasmus students, 5 –

We plan to prepare the complete 1 semester course for Erasmus students, 5 – 6 subjects, specialized on the Radiological Physics. The course could include next subjects: Introductory Radiation Physics and Dosimetry. Detection Systems and Imaging Methods in Radiological Physics Introduction in Radiodiagnostics Introduction in Radiotherapy Mathematical Methods in Radiological Physics Practical Exercises in Radio diagnostics and Radiotherapy CHERNE 2013, Salamanka 4. - 7. June 2013 3

Radiological Physics – Radiotherapy I Position of radiotherapy in the framework of oncology: history,

Radiological Physics – Radiotherapy I Position of radiotherapy in the framework of oncology: history, basic terminology, basic radiobiology, ionizing radiation in radiotherapy, concept oftarget volumes, role of CT. Target localization, simulation, immobilization and patient set-up methods. Treatment planning - beam parameters and beam modifiers, basic treatment techniques - fixed SAD vs. fixed SSD, static vs. dynamic. Computerized treatment planning input/output parameters, treatment protocol, verification system. Brachytherapy, orthovoltage radiotherapy, special radiotherapy - TBI, stereotactic irradiation, IMRT, hadron radiotherapy. CT and radiotherapeutic simulator, clinical linear accelerators and radionuclide treatment machines. Information systems in radiotherapy - data flow, data backup. QA - tests of machines, periodicity. Radiation protection of member staff and patients, personal dosimetry, monitoring, related legislation.

Radiological Physics – Radiotherapy II linical radiobiology - organ toxicity criteria, TCP and NTCP

Radiological Physics – Radiotherapy II linical radiobiology - organ toxicity criteria, TCP and NTCP models, Intensity Modulated Radio. Therapy - optimization, dose delivery methods - compensators, multileaf collimators, special methods (MIMIC, tomotherapy). Dose calculation algorithms based on empirical factors, modelling (point kernel models, pencil kernel models), particle transport. Inhomogeneity correction algorithms - (not) accounting for scattered radiation. Dose distribution verification – anatomic phantoms, 1 D, 2 D and 3 D dosimetry methods. Alternative therapeutic methods photodynamic therapy, hyperthermia. Hadron biological effects, comparison with conventional radiotherapy, technical aspects (cyclotron, synchrotron, beam modulation, dosimetry). Technical norms and legislation (acceptance tests, commissioning, audits).

Introduction in Radiodiagnostics I 1. X-RAY UNIT: history of diagnostic radiology, x-ray tube, HV

Introduction in Radiodiagnostics I 1. X-RAY UNIT: history of diagnostic radiology, x-ray tube, HV generator, other components of an X-ray unit 2. X-RAY PRODUCTION: bremsstrahlung, characteristic radiation, X-ray spectrum, parameters of a spectrum 3. INTERACTION OF X-RAYS WITH TISSUE, IMAGE PRODUCTION: interaction processes, image production, contrast media, scattered radiation, methods of contrast enhancing 4. IMAGE RECEPTORS: X-ray film, intensifying screens, screen-film cassettes, image intensifiers, fluoroscopic imaging chain 5. IMAGE QUALITY: noise, contrast, resolution, ROC analysis, image processing 6. RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES: screen-film radiography, fluoroscopy, angiography, mammography, dental radiography, tomography, imaging process - film processing, sensitometry, optimization 7. DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY: digital image receptors, digital imaging techniques, digital image formation, quality and processing

Introduction in Radiodiagnostics II 8. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT): history, CT generations, CT detectors, reconstruction

Introduction in Radiodiagnostics II 8. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT): history, CT generations, CT detectors, reconstruction algorithms, Radon and Fourier transformation 9. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT): CT number, calibration of a CT, CT image, CT dosimetry 10. QUALITY CONTROL (QC): legislation requirements, SONS recommendations, practical realization, specifics for special radiographic techniques, optimization 11. RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY: radiation protection of a patient, quantities used for patient dosimetry, radiation protection of workers and public, methods of dose reduction 12. LEGISLATION: Council Directive 97/43 Euratom, "Atomic Law" and corresponding regulations,

Mathematical Methods in Radiological Physics Basic principles of the MC method, probability theory and

Mathematical Methods in Radiological Physics Basic principles of the MC method, probability theory and selected concepts in mathematical statistics. Ionising radiation transport simulation, photons, neutrons and charged particles interactions and their simulation, modelling of the geometric conditions. Statistical tests of the model calculations, variance reduction techniques. Codes for simulation of radiation transport, MCNP(X) code, properties and scope of usage, input file (description of the geometry, materials, sources, tallies), graphical tools, code user control. Tools for input fines creation/editing a visualization (VISED, Sabrina, Body Builder). Examples of application (practical training) concentrated on radiation physics (shielding, radiation fields/beams/sources, spectral/spatial distributions of the dosimetric quantities, responses of detection systems, radiation protection tasks. SRIM code for simulation of the transport of charged particles. demonstration/training of application of commercial codes for the calculation of the radiation burden in radiodiagnostics.

Practical Exercises in Radiodiagnostics and Radiotherapy II Training in the field of radiological physics

Practical Exercises in Radiodiagnostics and Radiotherapy II Training in the field of radiological physics in radiotherapy organized together with clinical partners. Overview of duties, activities and responsibilities of a radiological physicist. Intrtoduction to the clinical environment and its specifications. Practical (dosimetric and/or other) routine tasks under the supervision of an experienced radiological physicist. Training examples: mechanical tests of a linac and simulator, linac calibration using absolute dose measurement under reference conditions-photon and electron beams, relative dosimetric easurementsphoton and electron beams, in-vivo dosimetry using diods and TL detectors, practical excercises with the treatment planning system, brachytherapy dosimetry, Leksell gammaknife dosimetry, cobalt treatment machine dosimetry, etc.

Practical Exercises in Radiodiagnostics and Radiotherapy I Training in the field of radiological physics

Practical Exercises in Radiodiagnostics and Radiotherapy I Training in the field of radiological physics in X-ray diagnostics organized together with clinical partners. Overview of duties, activities and responsibilities of a radiological physicist. Intorduciton to the clinical environment and its specifications. Practical (dosimetric and/or other) routine tasks under the supervision of an experienced radiological physicist. Training examples: correct setup of the X-ray device (dental, panoramatic, radiographic, fluoroscopic, mammographic, CT), QA tests, image optimization, check of the developer, direct measurement of the patient dose (TL dosimetry), indirect measurement of the patient dose (ion chamber, DAP meter, semiconductor+recalculation), etc.

Practical Exercises in Radiodiagnostics and Radiotherapy II Training in the field of radiological physics

Practical Exercises in Radiodiagnostics and Radiotherapy II Training in the field of radiological physics in radiotherapy organized together with clinical partners. Overview of duties, activities and responsibilities of a radiological physicist. Intrtoduction to the clinical environment and its specifications. Practical (dosimetric and/or other) routine tasks under the supervision of an experienced radiological physicist. Training examples: mechanical tests of a linac and simulator, linac calibration using absolute dose measurement under reference conditions-photon and electron beams, relative dosimetric easurementsphoton and electron beams, in-vivo dosimetry using diods and TL detectors, practical excercises with the treatment planning system, brachytherapy dosimetry, Leksell gammaknife dosimetry, cobalt treatment machine dosimetry, etc.

Proton Therapy Center Czech

Proton Therapy Center Czech

beam exit unecessary radiation in normal tissues beam exit rapid dose fall-off

beam exit unecessary radiation in normal tissues beam exit rapid dose fall-off

Verification of the irradiation of patients at Leksell Gamma Knife

Verification of the irradiation of patients at Leksell Gamma Knife

Physical and technical principles Leksell gamma knife

Physical and technical principles Leksell gamma knife

Exposure to the gel dosimeters by Leksell Gamma Knife of varying diameter collimator 4

Exposure to the gel dosimeters by Leksell Gamma Knife of varying diameter collimator 4 mm 8 mm 14 mm 18 mm

Quality control in the brain irradiation laboratory animals - rats special glass phantom filled

Quality control in the brain irradiation laboratory animals - rats special glass phantom filled with gel dosimeters special fixation frame

PTC Modelling in MCNPX • The various elements of the PTC have been modelled

PTC Modelling in MCNPX • The various elements of the PTC have been modelled using the MCNPX 2. 5. 0 code

Shielding Calculations Example • shielding analysis in/around room with cyclotron • main sources of

Shielding Calculations Example • shielding analysis in/around room with cyclotron • main sources of radiation in this room – degrader – (a its) collimator

H*(10) [m. Sv/year] E N S W x y z

H*(10) [m. Sv/year] E N S W x y z

H*(10) [m. Sv/year] E N S W x y z

H*(10) [m. Sv/year] E N S W x y z

Master degree programme in medical physics at the FNSFE, CTU in Prague The master

Master degree programme in medical physics at the FNSFE, CTU in Prague The master programme is an extension of bachelor degree studies in the field of mathematics and physics q The programme consists of courses formally grouped to 7 blocks Physics of Advanced (ionizing) mathematics and radiation physics q • • equations of mathematical physics mathematical statistics numerical analysis quantum mechanics solid state physics Monte Carlo simulations image processing nuclear physics radiation physics and technology of non-ionizing radiation (magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound) • technology of ionizing radiation (accelerators, reactor, etc. ) • • • CHERNE 2013, Salamanka 4. - 7. June 2013 Detection and dosimetry of ionizing radiation dosimetry radiation detectors integrating dosimetry instrumentation for radiation measurement • radiation metrology • • Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical 26 Engineering

Master degree programme in medical physics • • • MRP in radiotherapy MRP in

Master degree programme in medical physics • • • MRP in radiotherapy MRP in radiodiagnostics MRP in nuclear medicine clinical dosimetry radiobiology radiological technology Radiation protection Medicine and health care Medical radiation physics (MRP) • • anatomy and physiology biochemistry, pharmacology radiological anatomy and pathology health ethics hygiene clinical applications in radiology first aid technical and health care regulations CHERNE 2013, Salamanka 4. - 7. June 2013 • • • biological effects of ionizing radiation principles of radiation protection optimization standards quality assurance national and European legislation Labs and clinical training Labs on detection and dosimetry of ionizing radiation • basic clinical training in physics of nuclear medicine, radiodiagnostics and radiotherapy • Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical 27 Engineering

Master degree programme in medical physics q Some courses are organized in close collaboration

Master degree programme in medical physics q Some courses are organized in close collaboration with relevant national institutions: q • State Office for Nuclear Safety • State Institute for Radiation Protection • Czech Metrology Institute • Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Basic clinical training and diploma (degree) thesis are organized in collaboration with the departments of radiotherapy, radiodiagnostics, nuclear medicine and ‘medical physics’ of six hospitals in Prague and Hradec Králové CHERNE 2013, Salamanka 4. - 7. June 2013 Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical 28 Engineering

Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics CTU in Prague • Medipix 2 and Medipix

Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics CTU in Prague • Medipix 2 and Medipix 3 are collaborations between number of European Universities and Research Institutes. The aim of the Collaboration is to carry out the design and evalutation of the semiconductor pixel detectors called Medipix (or newly Timepix). The hybrid silicon pixel detector device Medipix was designed for imaging by single quantum counting in each pixel. The device consists of a pixelated sensor chip and a read-out chip containing the amplifier, discriminators and counter(s) for each pixel. In our institute we are devoloping DAQ hardware (USB interface) and software (Pixelman). IEAPis also users of these devices.

Thank you for your attention!

Thank you for your attention!