ERA 1 AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS 8000 BCE 600

ERA 1: _______ AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS 8000 BCE – 600 BCE

GOAL: TO IDENTIFY MAJOR ISSUES IN OUR WORLD TODAY BY REGION. Possible Sites: Working either by yourself or with a partner of your choice: • Skim the following websites to figure out what is going in your assigned region of the world. Determine what major issues are impacting people in your region. • Form 2 – 3 questions that a historian would ask. Write your questions on a post-it note. • Post your questions to the Padlet AFTER the teacher has checked off on your questions. • Also write on a Post-it note. (Write neatly!) • Study for vocab quiz • CIA Factbook • Reuters • BBC News • AP News • Cnn. com

1) Development of Communist Govts in Russia 2) Women gaining right to vote 3) US Purchase of Louisianna Purchase 4) Rapid Population Growth in Africa 5) Spread of the Plague in Europe 6) Islamic architecture 7) Development of Internet 8) Publishing of Gutenburg Bible 9) Floods in South America NAME THAT THEME!!!!

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) How does our law compare to that of classical Rome? Should we send more troops to Afghanistan? Describe the rise of the Black Lives Matter Movement. How did Islam change as it spread to the regions of Mesopotamia? What was the US response to the Ebola crisis in Africa? Why did Great Britain vote to leave the European Union? Discuss reasons for rebellion against the British government. Why is there such a gap in income between rich and poor in the United States. MORE THEMES

KEY UNDERSTANDING #1: BIG GEOGRAPHY.

The first humans emerged in Africa Humans proved to be very adaptable to environmental conditions. Humans migrated to new regions as a result of environment change. Societies were characterized by egalitarian systems. Relationships between men and women were fairly equal. Trade consisted of clan to clan regional trade, barter system. Economic activity was based on barter system, small scale regional trade. Political units were small, clan-based structures. THE FIRST HUMANS

WHY WOULD HUMANS TRAVEL AS THEY DID?

LOOKING AT THIS LIKE A HISTORIAN 1) Were humans adaptable to many different climates/ environmental challenges? 2) What were barriers to migration? 3) What caused migration?

MODERN HUMANS • Emerging about 100, 000 – 200, 000 years ago. • DNA evidence traces common ancestry to one region, found in Africa • How do we know the history of humans before writing?

DID HUMANS AND DINOSAURS EXIST TOGETHER IN THE ICE AGE?

Dinosaurs became extinct about 65 million years ago. Modern humans appeared about 100, 000 BCE. DID HUMANS AND DINOSAURS EXIST TOGETHER IN THE ICE AGE?

ICE AGE: ABOUT 2. 4 MILLION YEARS AGO TO ABOUT 10, 000 BCE, OR PALEOLITHIC ERA

PALEOLITHIC ERA Roughly dated, about 12, 000 BCE – 8, 000 BCE Remember the name of our era: Technological and Environmental Transformations. As we progress, all questions should be related to this: What? Why? Where?

Quick: you’re essentially a “cave man” or “cave woman”…. . You can only have one tool to take on your migration…. . What is it? • More variety of food • Skin animals • Make shelter • Protect yourself Axes for Paleolithic humans were like the _______ for modern humans because ____________________________________.

Stone Axe Blades WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE PERSON WHO MADE THESE? üNeeded them for _____ üHad knowledge of _______ üLived near ______ Fun fact: Scientists have scanned the brain of people making stone tools and found that the same area of the brain that we use for speech is highly active as a person making a stone axe. WOW! What does that tell you?

Characteristics of life in Paleolithic Era q Clan-like groupings q Hunter & Gatherers q Constantly moving to food and water q Nomadic q Crude Stone Tools q Nomadic Herders q “pastoralists”– live off product of animals, hides, milk, meat HOW MANY HOURS OF WORK WOULD YOU GUESS? q Use of fire q Govts: small clan-based councils/ elders q Egalitarian q q Trade is clan to clan and regional q q Status of women is high due to economic input Barter system Religion: polytheistic animism. SPICE this content.

THIS IS A CLOVIS POINT, FOUND IN NEW MEXICO. C. 11, 000 BCE What do you notice about this spear compared to the stone axe? If these spears were also found in Mexico and Alaska, what can you conclude?

TELL THE STORY OF BIG GEOGRAPHY….

LET’S PLANT SOME SEEDS………….

At different points in time, _______ around the world, a person, probably a woman because we have great ideas, noticed that plants could be _______ intently, not gathered. This increase in ________ will allow us to stay in one _____, harvesting crops, supporting more _____ and leading to a more _____ food supply. Life will never be the same. Population will ________. The quality of life will __________. AND LIFE WILL NEVER BE THE SAME

At different points in time, independently around the world, a person, probably a woman because we have great ideas, noticed that plants could be planted intentionally, not gathered. This increase in production will allow us to stay in one location, harvesting crops, supporting more people, and leading to a more predictable food supply. Population will increase. Life will never be the same. The quality of life will ? ? AND LIFE WILL NEVER BE THE SAME

NEOLITHIC TIME PERIOD 8, 000 BCE – 2, 000 BCE (ISH), DEPENDING ON THE REGION

Why would it be good to plant crops instead of gather them? How will it affect human populations? How will it impact clan government? What will happen to the status of women? Will religion remain the same? NO GREATER CHANGE IN HUMAN LIFE

Women not as vital to economic survival = drop in status Emergence of social classes and social hierarchy Govt/ religious leaders at the top along with warrior class. Why would agricultural workers fall to the bottom of social classes? SOCIAL CHANGES

New forms of govt, more sophisticated, complex Rulers Est. often religious or considered god-like of Laws and legal codes POLITICAL CHANGES

Humans ____ plants and animals to their benefit. Humans living in close ____ to animals/ livestock Intensification of agriculture, better yields Flooding/ irrigation/ crop regulation a big new technology Wheel Knowledge of math Metals discovered, understood Chariot (more for war) Development and growth of cities INTERACTION, HUMANS-ENVIRONMENT

More time working = less leisure time Religion develops new_____, still animistic/ polytheistic Knowledge City Living of plants and breeding of animals Cave art Development of architecture and monuments Forms of writing Ziggarut (Mesopotamia) CULTURAL CHANGES

Specialization _____. of labor = not all people needed for Now people have different jobs (metallurgist, household work, trader, skilled trades such as tool-making) Food surpluses _______ food, not gather food Development of currency, sometimes in the form of beer or precious metals Pastoral Nomads – follow ________ to sources of food, rely on animals for $$ and products to trade. (milk, eggs, hides, bones) ECONOMIC CHANGES