EPNM 2012 Strasbourg Explosive welding of tin Petr

EPNM 2012 Strasbourg Explosive welding of tin Petr Nesvadba, Katerina Busova, Petr Havlicek, Josef Ondruska OZM Research Instruments & Technologies for Energetic Materials Czech Republic 1/21

OUTLINE Ø Introduction Ø Experimental Procedure and Materials Ø Test Results Ø Conclusion 2/21

INTRODUCTION Motivation Ø Semi-products for manufacturing the Cu–Sn targets Ø Weld ability of Sn and selected metals Ø Test of new explosives mixture 3/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Problems Ø Melting point Sn = 232°C (449°F) Ø Manipulation with low-strength metal Ø Simultaneous method of cladding Ø Achieving more than 10 mm Sn layer Ø Explosive composition with low detonation velocity 4/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Samples of explosives Compound [%] Sample Density [g. cm-3] Thickness of explosive layer [mm] Detonation velocity [m. s-1] Sensitivity to detonator No. 8 PETN Na. HCO 3 Na. NO 3 Al Paraffin 1 12 77, 5 - 10 0, 5 1, 05 1600 yes 2 10 81 - 8 1 1, 0 1350 yes 3 8 83 - 8 1 1, 0 1200 yes 4 6 85 - 8 1 1, 0 950 no 5 6 83 - 10 1 0, 91 1220 yes 6 8 85 - 6 1 0, 95 1100 yes 7 6 - 89 4 1 0, 97 1270 yes 8 8 87 - 4 1 0, 90 – 0, 95 870 - 1010 yes 9 6 60 29 4 1 0, 92 – 0, 95 790 no 20 5/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Samples of explosives Compound [%] Sample Density [g. cm-3] Thickness of explosive layer [mm] Detonation velocity [m. s-1] Sensitivity to detonater No. 8 PETN Na. HCO 3 Na. NO 3 Micro bubbles K 15 10 6 - 94 - 1, 18 1075 yes 11 8 - 92 - 1, 0 – 1, 2 1090 - 1300 yes 12 10 - 90 - 1, 18 1460 unreliably S 012 12 88 - - 0, 97 – 1, 17 1260 - 1500 yes S 012 K 12 87 - 1 0, 90 – 1, 02 1000 - 1250 yes S 010 10 90 - - 1, 00 – 1, 04 1070 - 1250 unreliably 20 6/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Sample of explosives no. 6 (S 08 A 6) 7/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Sample of explosives S 012 K 8/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Accelerating of plate Speed of plate [m. s-1] 1 Theoretical course Semtex S 30 1 2 Area of measured data Semtex S 30 2 3 3 Area of measured data S 012 K weight of explosives / weight of plate = 2. 0 Trajectory [mm] 9/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Sn Sn Cu Al Sn Steel D = 1400 m. s-1 Sn Sn Mosadz Brass 10/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Sn Steel Microstructure of bimetal steel – Sn D = 1181 m. s-1 11/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Sn Sn Al Al Microstructure of bimetal Al – Sn D = 1181 m. s-1 12/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Sn Brass Microstructure of bimetal Brass – Sn D = 1413 m. s-1 13/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Sn Sn Cu Cu Microstructure of bimetal Cu – Sn D = 1181 m. s-1 14/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS 1 mm Sn D = 1238 m. s-1 4 mm Sn D = 1418 m. s-1 Explosive welding of Cu – Sn samples Thickness Sn from 1 to 12 mm 15/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Melting of Sn – Sn interface 16/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Melting of Sn – Sn interface 17/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Cu – Sn bimetal Crack on the interface Cu – Sn by simultaneous cladding of two Sn layer 18/21

TEST RESULTS Ø Cladding of tin with others metal materials by using explosives with detonation velocity not exceeding 1500 m. s-1, optimum max. 1200 m. s-1 Ø Selected metal materials are possible cladding by tin Ø It is possible to clad tin in various thickness 19/21

CONCLUSION Ø It managed to clad tin on steel, aluminum, brass and copper Ø Local melting zone of tin is not possible to eliminate probably Ø Melting of tin during cladding of tin thickness 6 mm and more Ø Failed to clad Sn + Sn, in all cases was observed melting interface Ø Simultaneously cladding of tin was not successful 20/21

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 21/21