Epidemiology n What is Epidemiology n Etiology 1

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Epidemiology n What is Epidemiology? n Etiology 1

Epidemiology n What is Epidemiology? n Etiology 1

Monitoring an outbreak n Incidence n Prevalence 2

Monitoring an outbreak n Incidence n Prevalence 2

Epidemiological Terms n Morbidity n Mortality 3

Epidemiological Terms n Morbidity n Mortality 3

Diseases in Populations n Endemic n Pandemic n Epidemic n Sporadic 4

Diseases in Populations n Endemic n Pandemic n Epidemic n Sporadic 4

Disease Spread n Common Source Outbreak n Propagated Epidemic 5

Disease Spread n Common Source Outbreak n Propagated Epidemic 5

Epidemiologic Studies n Descriptive n Analytical n Experimental 6

Epidemiologic Studies n Descriptive n Analytical n Experimental 6

Infection Reservoirs n Human n Animal (Zoonoses) n Non-living 7

Infection Reservoirs n Human n Animal (Zoonoses) n Non-living 7

Microbe Spread Portals of Entry n Skin n n Mucus membrane n Parenteral route

Microbe Spread Portals of Entry n Skin n n Mucus membrane n Parenteral route Portals of Exit n Vary for each organ system n n Bodily fluids and fecal material carry microbes 8

Modes of Disease Transmission n Contact n Vehicles n Vectors 9

Modes of Disease Transmission n Contact n Vehicles n Vectors 9

Problems in Disease Transmission n Disease Cycles n Herd Immunity 10

Problems in Disease Transmission n Disease Cycles n Herd Immunity 10

Controlling Disease Transmission n Isolation n Quarantine n Immunization n Vector Control 11

Controlling Disease Transmission n Isolation n Quarantine n Immunization n Vector Control 11

Public Health Organizations n Center for Disease Control (CDC) n World Health Organization (WHO)

Public Health Organizations n Center for Disease Control (CDC) n World Health Organization (WHO) 12

Notifiable Diseases n Definition: – Infectious diseases harmful to community health; must be reported

Notifiable Diseases n Definition: – Infectious diseases harmful to community health; must be reported to a physician – 65 diseases as of 2006 13

Nosocomial Infection Risks n Susceptibility n Virulence n Transmission chain 14

Nosocomial Infection Risks n Susceptibility n Virulence n Transmission chain 14

Bioterrorism n Airborne human pathogens n Toxins n Agricultural bioterrorism 15

Bioterrorism n Airborne human pathogens n Toxins n Agricultural bioterrorism 15

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