EPIC ENGINEERING USING SCIENCE EPIC ENGINEERING USING SCIENCE

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Objectives This lesson will enable you to: • Understand more about the roles and scientific skills associated with a large engineering project. • Understand how the idea of forces can be applied to structures such as tunnels. • Construct and test a model to explore ideas about structures.

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Welcome to the Team We are going to introduce you to the team of professionals who will make a project like HS 2 possible. Watch this short video and think about the kinds of roles that people fill in a project such as this.

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Introducing STEMPowers We are going to think about your STEMPowers. These are the skills that we will use in this lesson. They are also useful in STEM careers and further education.

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Introducing STEMPowers Creativity – Taking risks with new ideas. Teamwork – Working well with others. Communication – Sharing your ideas and feelings. Problem Solving – Finding solutions. Investigation – Researching and analysing. Determination – Having resilience and perseverance. Respect – Respecting others, places and the environment.

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Introducing STEMPowers Self-assess and reflect on your own STEMPowers. Which STEMPower would you most like to improve?

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Why dig tunnels – and how? Q 1 Everybody knows that railway lines sometimes go through tunnels – but why? Why not just build the railway line going over the top? Q 2 If you are going to dig a tunnel, how would you do it? Would you dig it the same way if it was near to the surface of the ground, as opposed to being deep underground?

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Engineering Challenge: Tunnel Structures Types of tunnel There are three main ways of building tunnels used by HS 2. Tunnels are either: 1. Built using ‘cut and cover’. 2. Bored by huge tunnel boring machines. 3. Mined using traditional methods, such as excavators or road headers.

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Method 1: Cut and cover tunnels

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE This is a cross sectional view of a tunnel, showing how the ground surface is reinstated.

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Method 2: Excavation by tunnel boring

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE A cross sectional view of the resulting tunnel structure, with lining.

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Method 3: Tunnels mined using excavators and road headers

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Civil Engineers need to understand forces. Forces can act in different ways. A Question: Which of these types of forces is represented by each of these pairs of arrows? B C

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Tunnel Structures Challenge: Suggest a suitable material for each one. Think about the direction that forces will be applied. Some materials are better in tension (e. g. steel) and others in compression (e. g. concrete). Mass Frame Shell

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Tunnel Structures Challenge: Look at each of these structures and suggest the advantages and disadvantages of each. Think about factors such as weight, cost and strength. Mass Frame Shell

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE The challenge Your team must design a prototype tunnel structure to span a 400 mm gap. It will be tested using a jig. Your design should be strong and lightweight, using as few materials as possible. You will have: • 40 x 400 mm paper straws • Scissors • Masking tape • Scrap paper You will be marked on your teamwork.

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Planning Make your plan in your worksheet. You may find it useful to use isometric paper to sketch your structure.

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Making You now need to make your structure, ready for testing.

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Testing Now the structures are going to be tested. Construct a results table and see how well each structure does. Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mass supported (g) Comments on success of design

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Evaluation Think about these questions: • Which structure seemed to do better? • Why do you think this structure was more successful? • How valid is it to model the structures in paper? Now complete the questions in your worksheet.

EPIC ENGINEERING: USING SCIENCE Reflection It’s time to re-evaluate your STEMPowers and think about how you have improved your learning. In particular: • Consider the STEMPowers you have improved upon. • Consider which STEMPowers you found most important. • Think about whether you would consider a future in a STEM career. • Identify particular progress made.