EPI VACCINES BCG Bacille Calmette Guerin Protects infants

EPI VACCINES

BCG ( Bacille Calmette. Guerin) § Protects infants against TB § In powder form with diluents § Must be discarded after 6 hrs. or at the end of the immunization session

Type of vaccine Live Bacteria Number of doses 1 Schedule Booster Contraindications Common Adverse rxn Special precautions At or as soon as possible after birth None Symptomatic HIV infection Local abcess Correct intradermal administration special syringe and needle

Dosage . 05 ml Injection site Injection type Outer upper left arm or shoulder Storage Store bet. 2 -8 degrees Celsius but not the diluents intradermal

Type of vaccine Number of doses schedule Diphtheria and tetanus as toxoids. Pertussis as killed whole -cell bacterium 3 primary doses 6, 10, 14 wks of age Contraindicati Anaphylactic reaction to on previous dose Adverse rxn Mild local or systemic reactions DPT Vaccine

Special Precautions Dosage DPT not usually given over 6 yrs of age 0. 5 ml Injection site Injection type Storage Outer mid thigh in infant/ outer upper arm in older children IM Store between 2 -8 degrees Celsius should never be frozen

§ Fever § Soreness DPT vaccine should never be frozen. The shake test will determine if the vaccine has been damaged by freezing. If the vaccines fails the shake test discard it Side effects

Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) Type Live Oral Polio Vaccine No. of Doses 3 doses Schedule 6, 10, 14 weeks of age Booster Supplementary doses given during polio eradication activities Contraindicatio None ns

Adverse Rxn VAPP very rarely (Approx. 2 -4 cases/million children vaccinated) Special Children known to have rare Precautions congenital immune deficiency syndrome Dosage 2 drops Storage Between -15 -25° C

Types Live attenuated Virus No. of doses 1 dose Schedule 9 -11 mos. Of age Booster 2 nd opportunity (routine or campaign) Contraindicati Severe reaction to previous dose on Measles

Adverse Rxn. Special Precaution Dosage Malaise, fever, rash, rarely encephalitis, anaphylaxis None. 5 ml Injection site Outer mid thigh/ upper arm depending on the age Injection Type Subcutaneous Storage Between -15 -25° C

Hepatitis B Vaccine Type No. of doses Recombinant DNA or Plasma Derived 3 doses Schedule Several options Booster none Contraindicatio Anaphylactic rxn to a previous ns dose

Adverse Rxn. Local soreness and redness Dosage . 5 ml Injection site Outer mid thigh (infants) outer upper arm ( children and adult) Intramuscular Injection Type Storage Store between 2 -8° C. Never Freeze

Tetanus Toxoid Type Toxoid as DT, TT or TD No. of doses At least 2 primary doses Schedule See next table Booster TT/TD every 10 yrs or during pregnancy. DT 18 mos-6 yrs. Contraindicatio Anaphylactic rxn ns

Adverse Rxn Mild local or systemic reactions Dosage . 5 ml Injection site Outer upper arm Injection type Intramascular Storage Store between 2 -8° C. Never Freeze

Dose of TT 1 2 When to give Expected duration of protection At first contact or none as early as possible in pregnancy At least 4 wks 1 -3 yrs after TT 1 TT immunization schedule

3 At least 6 mos. after At least 5 yrs TT 2 or during subsequent pregnancy 4 At least 1 yr after TT 3 At least 10 yrs or during subsequent pregnancy 5 At least 1 yr after TT 4 For all child or during subsequent bearing years and pregnancy possibly longer

Immunization schedule for children Age EPI visit Antigens given With Birth Dose Birth 0 BCG Hep B -birth 6 wks 1 OPV 1, DPT 1 Hep B 2 10 wks 2 OPV 2, DPT 2 14 wks 3 OPV 3, DPT 3 9 -12 mos. 4 Measles Hep B 3

§ Allergy or asthma § Any minor illness such as respiratory tract infections or diarrhea with temperature below 38. 5°C § Family history of adverse events following immunization § Family history of convulsion, seizures or fits § Treatment with antibiotics Indications

§ Known or suspected HIV infection with no signs and symptoms of AIDS § Child being breastfed § Chronic illnesses such as chronic diseases of the heart, lungs, kidney or liver § Stable neurological conditions such as CP or Down’s syndrome § Premature or low birth weight

§ Malnutrition § History of jaundice at birth

§ Anaphylaxis or severe hypersensitivity reaction § Do not give BCG or yellow fever vaccine to an infant that exhibits the signs and symptoms of AIDS Contraindications

Giving vaccines at the same time § If you are giving more than 1 vaccine DO NOT use the same syringe, DO NOT use the same arm or leg for more than 1 injection § DO Not give more than 1 dose of the same vaccine in 1 session

§ Give doses of the same vaccine at the correct intervals. Note: If a child has diarrhea when you give OPV administer an extra dose