EOC STATION ANSWERS STATION 1 BIOCHEM ENZYMES Biomolecule

EOC STATION ANSWERS

STATION 1: BIOCHEM & ENZYMES Biomolecule Protein Lipid Carbohydrate Nucleic Acid Monomer Amino Acid Function Fight infection; lower activation energy Triglyceride or Glycerol Long term Energy; & 3 fatty acid chains insulation; cushion and support Monosaccharide Short term energy; structure Nucleotide Genetic Information, ATP

STATION 1: BIOCHEM & ENZYMES • An infant is running an extremely high body temperature. The doctors are concerned because the high temperature may damage the enzymes in the young child. A. What would a high temperature do to the enzymes in the child? Denature B. What is important about enzymes? They lower the activation energy in our bodies

STATION 2: CELL STRUCTURE

STATION 2: CELL • Nucleus: Control center. STRUCTURE of the cell • Plasma (cell) membrane: Regulates what comes into and out of the cell • Cell Wall: Structure and support of the plant cell. Made up of cellulose • Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell • Vacuoles: Store excess water and nutrients • Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis • Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis

STATION 3: MOVEMENT ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE.

STATION 3: MOVEMENT ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE. Active Transport Needs Proteins Uses Energy Low to High Against Concentration Gradient Passive Transport Does not use energy Osmosis Diffusion High to Low With Concentration Gradient

STATION 3: MOVEMENT ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE. • Determine the direction of water movement (in relation to the body cells) for the following situations: • A freshwater fish is placed in a saltwater fish tank water moves out of the fish into the tank • A saltwater fish swims upstream to a freshwater lake water moves into the fish towards the salt

STATION FOUR: BIOENERGETIC REACTIONS

STATION 4: BIOENERGETICS REACTIONS 1. What would you predict would happen if a virus invaded the chloroplasts of a plant cell? Plant would die because it wouldn’t be able to perform photosynthesis 2. Contrast aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic Uses oxygen 36 ATP Mitochondria & Cytoplasm Anaerobic Without oxygen 2 ATP Lactic Acid Fermentation Cytoplasm 3. How is chemosynthesis a beneficial process to an organism that lives at the bottom of the ocean? Organism can take in chemicals in order to create nutrients to survive.

STATION 5: DNA STRUCTURE & FUNCTION • DNA TEMPLATE: ATCCAGAATACAGGA • Complement Strand: TAGGTCTTATGTCCT • m. RNA: UAGGUCUUAUGUCCU • Process of DNA to m. RNA is Transcription • t. RNA: UAGGUCUUAUGUCCU • Process is translation • Mutation could cause an entire new protein or no protein being created at all

STATION 5: DNA STRUCTURE & FUNCTION DNA Both RNA Double Helix Deoxyribose Has a thymine base Found in Nucleus Nucleic Acids Nucleotides Ribose Single Stranded Has a uracil base Made in nucleus Found in the ribosome Makes a protein

STATION 6: CELLULAR REPRODUCTION Mitosis Meiosis Body Cell Starts Diploid Ends diploid Chromosome in daughter cells is the same Two cells are produced Starts Diploid Ends haploid Gametes Has crossing over Chromosomes in daughter cells is halved Four cells are produced Plant vs Animal cell: cleavage furrow vs cell plate.

STATION 7: GENETICS 1. 25% 2. D 3. A 4. Down Syndrome 5. C 6. 100 7. A 8. 100%

STATION 8: WHAT DID I DO? • Gregor Mendel: father of genetics. Studied pea plants • James Watson & Francis Crick: Discovered the shape of DNA (double helix) • Charles Darwin: father of evolution. Founder of natural selection • Louis Pasteur: Disproved spontaneous generation using the S shaped flask • Carolus Linnaeus: Father of taxonomy. Created the scientific naming system • Rachel Carson: Marine biologist apart of global environment movement • Robert Hooke: Named the cell • Robert Brown: Discovered the nucleus

STATION 9: DIAGNOSE 1. Sickle cell anemia – codominant blood is misshapen cause clots 2. Colorblindness – sex linked recessive can’t see correct colors 3. Cystic fibrosis – autosomal recessive damages lung and digestive system 4. Hemophilia – sex linked recessive blood won’t clot 5. Down syndrome – aneuploidy mental retardation 6. Huntington’s disease – autosomal dominant nerve cells in the brain break down

STATION 10: NATURAL SELECTION, EVOLUTION, & CLASSIFICATION 1. Reproductive isolation: prevents organisms of different species to reproduce 2. Geographic isolation: physically separates species prohibiting them from reproducing. 3. Convergent evolution: species becoming more alike over generations due to common environments. 4. Divergent Evolution: one species separating into more due to differences in environments. 5. Adaptive Radiation: same as divergent evolution

STATION 10: NATURAL SELECTION, EVOLUTION, & CLASSIFICATION 2. The closer the DNA means the more amino acids in common which means the closer the species is.

STATION 10: NATURAL SELECTION, EVOLUTION, & CLASSIFICATION 4. Binomial nomenclature is useful to a scientist to classify living organisms and to be able to communicate with scientists around the world that speak different languages. 5. Most primitive organism is the hagfish. Most advanced Chimp. 6. B is a white cedar C is a silver maple

STATION 11: ECOLOGY 1 A. Autotroph is the flower. Another name is a producer. 1 B. Primary consumers are the green bug, grasshopper, caterpillar, the white insect 1 C. Lady bug, bird, mouse, brown and black bug are the secondary consumers 1 D. The tertiary consumer is the bird, owl, mosquito. 1 E. Mushroom is an example of a decomposer. 1 F. Terrestrial ecosystem

STATION 11: ECOLOGY • 2. Symbiotic Relationships. Parasitism Host is harmed Symbiont Benefits Tick on you Mutualism Host benefits Symbiont Benefits Bacteria in your stomach Commensalism Host is neither harmed nor helped. Symbiont benefits Bird nest in a tree • 3. Density dependent depends on the amount of organism in an area. Ex. Disease • Density independent does not depend on the number or organisms Ex. Natural Disaster

STATION 11: ECOLOGY • A = slow population growth • B = rapid population growth • D = carrying capacity 5. France = stable; India = Rapid

STATION 12: BEHAVIOR A: Mimicry allows organism to mimic other sounds for survival B: Camouflage allows the organism to blend in with their surrounding C: Movement toward or away from chemicals D: Movement toward or away from sunlight in order to do photosynthesis E: Migration birds move south for the winter to stay warm or north of the summer to be cool F: Estivation is when animals in the dessert go underground for a long period of time to stay cool G. Hibernation when animals go to sleep in order to avoid the cold months 2. Innate behavior the organism knows how to do whereas learned is something they acquire over time. 3. Circadian Rhythm is something an organism does daily. Waking up at a certain time.

STATION 12: SCIENTIFIC METHOD 1. Independent – distance of light from the plant. Dependent – rate of bubbles 2. 15 bubbles/min 3. 8. 5 bubbles/min 4. Photosynthesis 5. Same plant, same water, same aquarium, same source of light