EOC Review Game TRUE OR FALSE The cytoplasm

EOC Review Game TRUE OR FALSE?

The cytoplasm helps maintain cell shape, much like the human skeleton does. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… The cytoskeleton helps maintain cell shape, much like the human skeleton does. The cytoplasm is the gel-like liquid the organelles are suspended in.

An enzyme is a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction and is involved in nearly all metabolic processes. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… An enzyme is a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction and is involved in nearly all metabolic processes.

Bacteria are disease-causing, non -living particles made of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a capsid (or protein coat). They can reproduce only when they are inside a host cell. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… A virus is disease-causing, non-living particles made of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a capsid (or protein coat). They can reproduce only when they are inside a host cell. Bacteria are disease causing LIVING THINGS!!!!

In protein synthesis m. RNA carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosome to be translated into protein. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… In protein synthesis m. RNA carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosome to be translated into protein.

The vacuole is the organelle within the cell functioning like a miniature stomach. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… The lysosome is the organelle within the cell functioning like a miniature stomach. The vacuole is an organelle that stores things like water for use in cells.

The ribosome is the “power -house” of the cell where ATP (energy) is made during cellular respiration. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… The mitochondria is the “power-house” of the cell where ATP (energy) is made during cellular respiration. The ribosome makes protein not ATP!!!

Image A (left) summarizes how gametes or sex cells (sperm or egg) are formed in meiosis. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Image B (right) summarizes how gametes or sex cells (sperm or egg) are formed in meiosis. Image A (left) shows mitosis (asexual reproduction or making clones). Mitosis takes 1 cell and divides into 2 identical diploid cells Meiosis takes 1 cell, divides it twice, forming 4 haploid cells (cells with ½ the chromosomes).

The image on the right shows DNA replication, which occurs during Interphase. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… The image on the right shows crossing over, which occurs during meiosis I in prophase. It provides for variation in sexual reproduction!

The karyotype shows Down Syndrome which occurred because the parents carried a dominant allele for the disorder. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… The karyotype shows Down Syndrome which occurred due to Nondisjunction - when chromosomes fail to separate properly in meiosis.

Meiosis is a type of cell division where a cell produces four gametes, each with half the number of chromosomes. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Meiosis is a type of cell division where a cell produces four gametes, each with half the number of chromosomes.

Codominance is a type of inheritance where one trait is not dominant over another (so two traits show up). For example, offspring from a white rabbit and brown rabbit turn out brown and white. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Codominance is a type of inheritance where one trait is not dominant over another (so two traits show up). For example, offspring from a white rabbit and brown rabbit turn out brown and white.

In RNA the nitrogen base that pairs with A (adenine) is U (uracil). TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… In RNA the nitrogen base that pairs with A (adenine) is U (uracil). In DNA A pairs with T (thymine). C (cytoseine) and G (guanine) always pair together.

If green (G) is dominant to yellow (g) in pea plants. A heterozygous green pea plant would be represented by…GG in a genetic cross. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… If green (G) is dominant to yellow (g) in pea plants. A heterozygous green pea plant would be represented by…Gg in a genetic cross. Heterozygous = Different Letter Case (Gg) Homozygous = Same Letter Case(GG or gg)

Protein synthesis is shown (left). Part # 1 occurs inside the nucleus and is called translation. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Protein synthesis is shown (left). Part # 1 occurs inside the nucleus and is called transcription. Then, it gets translated into a protein in Part #2.

Colorblindness is a sexlinked disorder. If a mother carries colorblindness and has a child with a man without colorblindness. There is no chance their children will have the disorder. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is…

The nucleus physically controls what enters and leaves the cell. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… The cell membrane (or plasma membrane) physically controls what enters and leaves the cell. The nucleus is the brain of the cell. It tells things what to do by sending out copies of messages found in the DNA stored there.

Organisms that can live in environments without oxygen are called “anaerobic organisms”. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Organisms that can live in environments without oxygen are called “anaerobic organisms”. Aerobic means oxygen, and organisms that are Aerobic must have oxygen to live effectively.

The chemical DDT is a pesticide that accumulates in organisms in ecosystems causing problems at higher levels of the food chain. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… The chemical DDT is a pesticide that accumulates in organisms in ecosystems causing problems at higher levels of the food chain.

A male turkey displays his feathers for a group of females. This is called territoriality. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… A male turkey displays his feathers for a group of females. This is called courtship behavior. Territoriality is when an organism defends his territory against other organisms.

A biome characterized by high precipitation, warm temperatures, and poor soil is the Temperate Deciduous Forest. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… A biome characterized by high precipitation, warm temperatures, and poor soil is the Tropical Rain Forest. The Temperate Deciduous Forest is characterized by having all four seasons, rich soil, and trees that lose their leaves in the fall.

Carbohydrates are made up of smaller subunits called amino acids. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Proteins are made up of smaller subunits called amino acids. Carbohydrates are made up of smaller subunits called sugars and starches.

Nucleic Acids are made up of smaller subunits of glycerol and fatty acids. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Lipids are made up of smaller subunits of glycerol and fatty acids. Nucleic Acids are made up of smaller units called nucleotides.

In active transport, energy is used to move materials from an area outside the cell where they are highly concentrated, to a lower concentration inside the cell. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… In active transport, energy is used to move materials from an area outside the cell where they are not very concentrated, to a higher concentration inside the cell. Active = low to high (requires ATP/ energy) Diffusion/Passive = high to low (does not use ATP/energy)

In photosynthesis carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) is combined with water and light to make ATP. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… In photosynthesis carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) is combined with water and light to make sugar (also known as glucose or C 6 H 12 O 6. Cellular Respiration uses sugar to make ATP!!!

Studying homologous anatomical structures is the best way to tell that two organisms are related, and possibly shared a common ancestor. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Studying DNA similarities is the best way to tell that two organisms are related, and possibly shared a common ancestor. DNA is always the BEST evidence!!!

Evolution, or change over time, occurs very slowly through natural selection. Nature chooses which organisms survive and reproduce. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Evolution, or change over time, occurs very slowly through natural selection. Nature chooses which organisms survive and reproduce. The “fittest” organisms, those with the best traits, are the ones that are selected for.

A plant is a multi-cellular, heterotrophic organism. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… A plant is a multi-cellular, autotrophic organism. Autotrophic = can make their own food Heterotrophic = must eat things, can’t make their own food

Animals store extra sugar in their cells as glycogen, and plants store extra sugar as starch. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Animals store extra sugar in their cells as glycogen, and plants store extra sugar as starch.

A population of 100 caterpillars is sprayed with a pesticide. 10 survive and reproduce. These 10 survived because they were resistant to the pesticide. Their offspring will probably be wiped out by the pesticide when it is reapplied. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… A population of 100 caterpillars is sprayed with a pesticide. 10 survive and reproduce. These 10 survived because they were resistant to the pesticide. Their offspring will probably survive when the pesticide is reapplied.

Some diseases, like cancer and heart disease are caused by genetic and environmental factors. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Some diseases, like cancer and heart disease are caused by genetic and environmental factors. Limiting exposure to harmful substances can possibly push off the onset of these diseases.

Transcription is when a human gene is placed into a bacterial cell (plasmid) and the human DNA gets incorporated into the bacteria. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Transformation is when a human gene is placed into a bacterial cell (plasmid) and the human DNA gets incorporated into the bacteria. Genes to make products humans need, like growth hormone or insulin are often made this way.

After an egg is fertilized it goes through the following stages of development: Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo → Fetus TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… After the egg is fertilized (its called a zygote) the cell begins to divide and differentiate (turn into) a hollow ball of cells (called a blastocyst). Then, it further differentiates into an embryo as it turns certain genes on to make certain structures (eyes, hands, heart, etc. ). When it has all parts found in an adult is called a fetus.

In estivation organisms escape very hot conditions by seeking shelter and going into a state of rest. It is the opposite of hibernation. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… In estivation organisms escape very hot conditions by seeking shelter and going into a state of rest. It is the opposite of hibernation. • Hibernation is state of rest to escape the cold, until more favorable food conditions exist in the spring.

Birds migrate south in the fall, going to more favorable conditions (plenty of food and warm temperatures). This is a learned behavior. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… Birds migrate south in the fall, going to more favorable conditions where there is plenty of food and warm temperatures. This is an innate behavior. • Innate behaviors are there when an organism is born (crying, blinking, suckling, migrating, etc. ) • Learned behaviors must be taught, and occur in organisms with complex brains. (example - teaching a wolf cub to hunt, practicing by play fighting, etc.

When a scientist named Pavlov fed his dogs he rang a bell each and every time. His dogs came to associate the sound of a bell with food. Anytime they heard a noise resembling a bell they started to salivate (drool). This kind of learning, where two unrelated things are associated with each other is called imprinting. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… When a scientist named Pavlov fed his dogs he rang a bell each and every time. His dogs came to associate the sound of a bell with food. Anytime they heard a noise resembling a bell they started to salivate (drool). This kind of learning, where two unrelated things are associated with each other is called conditioning. Types of learned behaviors: • Conditioning – when an organism learns to associate 2 unrelated things (Food and a ringing bell. ) • Imprinting – learning to recognize someone or thing as “mother” (as in Conrad Lorenz’ ducklings did). • Habituation – where an organism learns to ignore a harmless stimulus over time (like crows and a scarecrow in a field)

As you move up a food chain or food web the amount of energy available at higher trophic (feeding) levels is reduced. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE!!!! The Correct Answer is… As you move up a food chain or food web the amount of energy available at higher trophic (feeding) levels is reduced. As you move up each step only 10% of the energy is transferred to the next level. 90% is lost through life processes (movement, respiration, reproduction) as heat.

Global warming is the natural heating of the Earth, caused by the trapping of heat and water vapor in the atmosphere. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE!!!! The Correct Answer is… The Greenhouse Effect is the natural heating of the Earth, caused by the trapping of heat and water vapor in the atmosphere. Global warming is the unnatural heating of the Earth caused by burning fossil fuels.