Enzymes in cells Learning Objectives Enzymes and cells
Enzymes in cells Learning Objectives
Enzymes and cells Enzymes catalyze thousands of reactions that need to take place in order to maintain life. What are some of these reactions? l digestion l respiration l photosynthesis (plants and some bacteria) l protein synthesis.
What is aerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration is a series of reactions that release energy from glucose using oxygen. : glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide Aerobic Respiration takes place in mitochondria. Mitochondria are the energy-producing part of the cell. + water + energy
What are digestive enzymes? Digestive enzymes are produced by specialized cells in the pancreas and digestive tract. These enzymes pass out of the cells and into the stomach and small intestine. Here the enzymes help to break down large food molecules into smaller molecules that are more easily absorbed.
Digestion in the stomach When food enters the stomach it stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) from the stomach wall. HCl increases the acidity of the stomach to about p. H 2 – the optimum p. H for stomach oesophagus enzymes. mucus cells gastric gland parietal cells (acid-producing) duodenum
Digestion in the small intestine The liver produces bile (an alkali), which is stored in the gall bladder and released into the small intestine. Bile neutralizes the acidic contents coming from the stomach, creating the alkaline environment gall that the intestinal bladder enzymes need to work. duodenum hepatic duct pancreas bile duct
Enzymes of digestion
Match the reactant
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