ENZYMES ENZYMES Made of proteins Contain Enzymes are

ENZYMES

ENZYMES • Made of proteins – Contain: _____ • Enzymes are organic catalysts – Catalysts are chemicals that help chemical reactions occur – Enzymes remain the same during a chemical reaction • Always end in –ase – Ex. Lipase, Protease, Glucase, Lactase

ENZYMES • Lock-and-Key Model

ENZYMES • In the Lock and Key Model, enzymes must fit their substrate • Enzymes are “specific”

ENZYMES • Each enzyme can work on only one specific substrate • Ex. – Lipase works only on _____ – Sucrase works only on ______ – Protease works only on ______ – _____ works only on fructose

ENZYMES • Enzymes help perform dehydration synthesis

ENZYMES • Enzymes help perform hydrolysis

ENZYMES • Re-draw and label each part of the picture

ENZYMES • Enzymes are effected by the following factors: – Temperature – p. H – Concentration of enzyme – Concentration of substrate

ENZYMES • Temperature – Enzymes work best at an optimum temperature • Optimum temperature for human enzymes is ______, C or _____, F – Enzyme activity is slower as temperature gets too cold or too hot

ENZYMES • Temperature

ENZYMES • Temperature – At high temperatures, enzymes will lose their shape • They denature • Misshapen enzymes no longer fit in the Lock and Key Model, so chemical reactions do not take place

ENZYMES • p. H – Enzymes rate of reaction is effected by the amount of acid or base in an environment

ENZYMES • p. H

ENZYMES • Optimum p. H for two different enzymes

ENZYMES • Concentration – Increasing the concentration (amount) of an enzyme or substrate, will only increase the rate of reaction, to a point

ENZYMES • Co-enzymes – Enzymes work with co-enzymes to speed up the rate of reactions. • Ex. vitamins