Enzymes Enzymes Chemical Reactions Responsible for ALL chemical
Enzymes
Enzymes & Chemical Reactions • Responsible for ALL chemical reactions – Control the rate of reactions in ALL living organisms • Where ever you see an ARROW in a Chemical Formula… There are ENZYMES involved! Enzymes CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 2 Remember Reactions can’t happen without enzymes!
Enzymes are PROTEINS! • They are long chains of Amino Acids! • The Amino Acids are bonded together at the Ribosome • They can be DENATURED by Temperature and p. H! – Destroy (Distort) the Natural Shape
Proteins (Enzymes) • Make YOU… YOU! • If Denatured… They won’t work! • Enzymes are SPECIFIC! • One Enzyme to One Chemical Reaction! • Enzymes work in different environments – Different Temperature and p. H
Lock & Key • One enzyme for each reaction
Enzymes at Work • Substrates (reactants) must FIT into the Active Site Which is the Enzyme Substrate Complex?
Enzymes Build & Digest • Synthesis & Hydrolysis
Enzymes at Work • Each specific Enzyme works best at an Optimal (Optimum) Temperature and p. H!
Enzymes, Temp & Reactions • Chemical Reactions happen faster in warmer temperatures – Think! What happens to liquid water when you heat it? It becomes steam –because the molecules are moving faster • Colder temperatures cause the enzymes to move slower – So, chemical reactions happen, but at a slower rate
Specific Enzymes & Organelles • Enzymes work on specific reactions – Sometimes they work in specific organelles • If an enzyme causes a tree to make more oxygen, it works in the Chloroplast during photosynthesis • If an enzyme causes a higher amount of ATP to be made, which organelle is it working in? ? ? • Which organelle would secrete a lot of enzymes? ? ?
Enzymes & Medicine • Enzyme molecules normally interact with substrate molecules. • Some medicines work by blocking enzyme activity in pathogens. – These medicines are effective because they have the same shape as the active site on the enzyme
Inhibitors • There are many types of drugs that act as enzyme inhibitors – To inhibit means to prevent a process – They block the active site so the substrate can’t fit The inhibitor competes for the active site • Inhibitors include antibiotics, antidepressants and more
Enzymes • What does this have to do with laundry? ? ?
Enzymes are GOOD • SPECIFIC enzymes can Build-up… – Synthesize • Other enzymes can Break-down… – Hydrolyze • Why would that be important in laundry detergent?
Enzymes & Temperature! • Why are enzyme cleaners NOT EFFECTIVE in hot water? – Hint: Think about which of the “BIG FOUR” organic molecules Enzymes belong to! • Proteins – What is the scientific word for what happens when enzymes are put in hot water? • Denature!
How about other cleaners? • Why do you think it’s better to use ENZYMES than man-made chemicals? – Safer for the Environment!
Think about Septic Systems… • Why is it very important to use NATURAL enzyme products in Septic Systems? • Safer for the environment!
Enzymes • Enzymes are NEVER used up or changed in a reaction • Once the chemical reaction is complete, the enzyme goes off and finds another chemical reaction to work on! • The only way to destroy an enzyme is to denature it! – High Temp – p. H
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