Enzymes Enzyme Active Site Amino acid side chains

Enzymes

Enzyme Active Site • Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions, • Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions

Enzyme Active Site • Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions, • Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions

Enzymes • Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate.

Enzymes • Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate.

Induced Fit Theory • Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate.

Induced Fit Theory • Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate.

Enzymes - Cofactors • Coenzymes (contain a vitamin) or metal ion

Enzymes - Cofactors • Metal ions present in trace amounts

Enzymes - Cofactors • Metal ions present in trace amounts

Enzyme Cofactors • Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.

Enzyme Cofactors • Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.

Enzyme Cofactors • Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.

Enzymes

Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and p. H effect enzyme action

Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and p. H effect enzyme action

Enzymes - Activity • Enzyme and substrate concentrations

Enzymes - Inhibitors • Nonspecific - denaturation, p. H, temperature

Enzyme Inhibitors • Noncompetitive

Enzyme Inhibitors • Competive - mimic substrate, may block active site, but may dislodge it.

Enzyme Inhibitors • Competive - mimic substrate, may block active site, but may dislodge it.

Enzyme Inhibitors

Enzyme Inhibitors • Irreversible - covalently binds to active site

Enzyme Inhibitors • Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence of reactions - reaction product may block initial enzyme.

Enzyme Inhibitors • Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence of reactions - reaction product may block initial enzyme.

Enzyme Inhibitors

Enzyme Inhibitors

Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors • Drug mimics some natural chemical to block enzyme.

Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors • Drug mimics some natural chemical to block enzyme.