Enzyme Phosphorylation Aulanniam Biochemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Brawijaya

Enzyme Phosphorylation Aulanni’am Biochemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Brawijaya University Aulani "Biokimia Enzim" Presentasi 10

Phosphorylation Fischer, Kreb (1978) Ser Thr Tyr (His) OH Protein Glycogen phosphorylase b Kinase phosphorylation dephosphorylastion Phosphatase P Conformational Change Glycogen phosphorylase a Inactive Active Inactive Aulani "Biokimia Enzim" Presentasi 10

Regulation of Blood Sugar Cori & Cori (1947) Signal Transduction Tyrosine-kinase-linked receptor Insulin High blood sugar Liver Blood Pancreas Hormone. Glycogen Glucagon Low blood sugar Glycogen synthase Glucose Glycogen phosphorylase GTP-protein-linked receptor Aulani "Biokimia Enzim" Presentasi 10 Decrease Increase

Rapid Response to Blood Sugar Concentration Enzyme activity Glycogen phosphorylase Very rapidly → Glycogen synthase 葡 萄 糖 0 2 4 6 Time (min) Aulani "Biokimia Enzim" Presentasi 10 8 Not controlled in gene le

Glycogen Phosphorylase, GP Glc-1 -P → Glc-6 -P → Glycolysis Glycogen n P Glycogen phosphorylase a* Phosphorylase P + 6. 2 + c. AMP 6. 3 GP kinase ATP Phosphatase Protein kinase A P R Glucose (-) Caffeine (-) T 6. 4 Glycogen phosphorylase b (inactive) Aulani "Biokimia Enzim" Presentasi 10 n-1 AMP (+) ATP (-) Glc-6 -P (-) Juang RH (2004) BCbasics

c. AMP Controls Protein Kinase A Activity R R A Active kinase c. AMP C A A Catalytic subunits Nucleus A R R C CREB Activation P CREB DNA C Aulani "Biokimia Enzim" Presentasi 10 C Gene expression Alberts et al (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell (4 e) p. 857, 858 A Regulatory subunits

c. AMP Is the Second Messenger Sutherland (1971) Adenylate cyclase Cyclase. G protein ATP c. AMP Protein Kinase A Glucagon Receptor A G protein Cyclic AMP (second messenger) Protein Kinase A Cascade GP Kinase P GP b GP 1 a Inactive Active P GP Glycogen Aulani "Biokimia Enzim" Presentasi 10 Glc-1 -P Juang RH (2004) BCbasics GP kinase

Receptors on Cell Membrane Gilman, Rodbell (1994) Adenylate cyclase a a GTP G-protein-linked Receptor Glucagon + Signal -GDP +GTP a b GDP g a GDP b g G protein Glycogen breadkdown The third group: Ion-channel-linked Receptor Glycogen Synthase active Glycogen Synthase P P Enzyme-linked Receptor a Insulin + Signal Activation. P Protein Phosphatase P kinase P Glycogen synthesis Aulani "Biokimia Enzim" Presentasi 10 P SH 2 domain b Juang RH (2004) BCbasics A

Phosphatase GP kinase GP b GP kinase P GP a Glucagon Glycogen synthase A PKA P Glycogen Protein phosphatase-1 P Protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 active inactive Protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 Aulani "Biokimia Enzim" Presentasi 10 P Adapted from Kleinsmith & Kish (1995) Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology (2 e) p. 217

Signal Transduction 各種荷爾蒙 Hormone Signal 各種接受體 Receptor 不同的 G-protein 各種關鍵酵素 G Cyclase Transducer Effector Enzyme 各種信息分子 Effector 各種效應 Effect Aulani "Biokimia Enzim" Presentasi 10 Juang RH (2004) BCbasics

Aulani "Biokimia Enzim" Presentasi 10