EnvOr 600 Contaminated Site Management Rule Update Waste

Env-Or 600 Contaminated Site Management Rule Update Waste Management Division Updates September 12, 2008

Env-Or 600 Update Effective July 23, 2008 p Ambient Ground Water Quality Standards p Soil Remediation Standards p Groundwater Management Permit Procedures p Expedited Review Fees p

Env-Or 600 Update AMBIENT GROUNDWATER QUALITY STANDARDS Old AGQS ug/L (ppb) New AGQS ug/L (ppb) Aldrin 0. 04 0. 1 Benzo(a)anthracene 0. 05 0. 1 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0. 05 0. 1 Dibenzo(a, h)anthracene 0. 005 0. 1 0. 4 0. 5 Dieldrin 0. 002 0. 1 Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha 0. 006 0. 1 Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta 0. 02 0. 1 Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma (Lindane) 0. 02 0. 2 Indeno(1, 2, 3 -cd)pyrene 0. 05 0. 1 Chemical Name Dichloropropene, 1, 3 -

Env-Or 600 Update SOIL REMEDIATION STANDARDS Old Standard (mg/kg). New Standard (mg/kg) 0. 002 0. 004 Benzo(a)anthracene 0. 7 1 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0. 7 1 Benzo(k)fluoranthene 4 12 Chlordane 2 4 Chlorotrifluoroethylene (CFC 1113) 0. 1 NA Chrysene 44 120 2, 4 -D (Dichlorophenooxy acetic acid, 2, 4 -) 4 300 DDD (Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane, p, p’) 4 6 DDE (Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene, p, p’) 2 4 DDT (Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane, p, p’) 2 4 Dichlorobenzidine, 3, 3’- 0. 2 0. 7 Di-(2 -ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) 30 72 Chemical Name Benzidine

Env-Or 600 Update SOIL REMEDIATION STANDARDS Old Standard (mg/kg). New Standard (mg/kg) 3 0. 7 Diphenylhydrazine, 1, 2 - 0. 5 1 Diquat (dibromide) 0. 2 0. 3 Ethylene glycol 86 91 Formaldehyde 2 1 Heptachlor 0. 09 0. 2 Hexachlorobenzene 0. 7 0. 8 0. 0001 0. 00007 Indeno(1, 2, 3 -cd)pyrene 0. 7 1 Toxaphene 0. 8 1 2, 4, 5 -TP (Silvex) 260 60 Trichloropropane, 1, 2, 3 - 0. 1 0. 2 Chemical Name Dinitrophenol, 2, 4 - Hexachlorodibenzodioxin, 2, 3, 7, 8 -

Env-Or 600 Update q Env-Or 607. 02 Groundwater Management Permit Procedures. (2) Provide notification on a form provided by the department by certified mail, return receipt requested, to all owners of properties specified in Env-Or 607. 03(a)(20) that their property is proposed for inclusion within the GMZ; http: //www. des. nh. gov/orcb/doclist/prop_g d_ma_permit. doc

Env-Or 600 Update p Env-Or 607. 03 Groundwater Management Permit Application. (16) Certification that notification has been provided to all owners of lots proposed for inclusion in the GMZ as required by Env-Or 607. 02(b)(2);

Env-Or 600 Update p Env-Or 607. 08 Permit Notification. (a) Within 30 15 days after the department issues the groundwater management permit, the permittee shall provide notice of the permit by certified mail, return receipt requested, to all owners of lots of record within the GMZ. (b) Within 60 45 days after the department issues the groundwater management permit, the permittee shall submit documentation of the notification required by (a), above, to the department.

Env-Or 600 Update Fees for Expedited Reviews as specified in RSA 485: 3 -b, I Equalized Assessed Valuation Fee $0 to $250, 000 $1, 800 $250, 001 to $500, 000 $2, 250 $500, 001 to $1, 000 $3, 750 greater than $1, 000 $7, 500

Env-Or 600 Update Summary Effective July 23, 2008 p Ambient Ground Water Quality Standards p Soil Remediation Standards p Groundwater Management Permit Procedures p Expedited Review Fees p

Env-Or 600 NHDES Contact Robin Mongeon, P. E. Waste Management Division 29 Hazen Drive Concord, NH 03301 Tel: (603) 271 -7378 Fax: (603) 271 -2181 E-mail: Robin. Mongeon@des. nh. gov

Env-Or 607. 09, Recordation Groundwater Management Recordation Procedures

Env-Or 607. 09, Recordation Updates - Private Sector Feedback p Registry Index - Grantor/Grantee p New Notice & Release of Notice Forms p Links p Contact Info p

Grantor/Grantee Index

Grantor/Grantee Search

m r o F NOTICE OF GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT PERMIT GWP-_____-A-001 TO BE RECORDED AGAINST: [IDENTIFY OWNER OF PARCEL AND BOOK AND PAGE OF DEED IN TO THAT PARTY] NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT: The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (Department) has issued Groundwater Management Permit #GWP-_____-A-001 (“Permit”) to [Permittee]. Pursuant to Env-Or 607. 09(a) this notice is recorded for each property located within the groundwater management zone identified in the Permit at the Registry of Deeds for the county in which the property is located. The Permit establishes a Groundwater Management Zone (“GMZ”), an area within which groundwater use must be controlled and monitored due to the presence of groundwater contaminants that exceed the State’s Ambient Groundwater Quality Standards (“AGQS”). The Permit may include conditions to and restrictions upon the use of the properties within the GMZ, including restrictions on the use of groundwater. The Permit was issued on [Date] and expires on [Date], unless renewed for subsequent five-year period(s). This Notice will remain in effect until such time as the AGQS are restored within the GMZ and the Department issues a Release of Recordation to the Permittee. The Permit is available for review at the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, 29 Hazen Drive, Concord, NH 03301 or can be viewed by searching under our One. Stop Data Retrieval Site at http: //www 2. des. nh. gov/One. Stop/ORCB_Query. aspx? Project+CCST. The following properties are located within the GMZ: Property Owner/Property Address Deed Reference Book/Page /s/ [Permittee Name], Permittee [Company Name] Tax Map/Lot _______ Date

F m r o DISCHARGE AND RELEASE OF NOTICE OF GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT PERMIT TO BE RECORDED IN FAVOR OF [CURRENT OWNER OF PARCEL IDENTIFIED IN ORIGINAL OR AMENDED NOTICE] at [BOOK /PAGE OF DEED IN TO THAT PARTY] For value received, the State of New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, issuer of a groundwater management permit GWP-_____-A-_ to [name of Permittee] and recorded by Notice of Groundwater Management Permit, dated ____, against the real property of [ name of property owner], in _____ County Registry of Deeds at Book _____, Page _____, hereby discharges and releases the said Notice of Groundwater Management Permit. Subscribed, sworn to and acknowledged before me by _______, the issuer, this _____ day of _____, 20______________ Carl W. Baxter, P. E. , Administrator Hazardous Waste Remediation Bureau Waste Management Division _____________ Printed Name________ Notary Public/Justice of the Peace My commission expires_____

Env-OR 607. 09 Recordation Link to Notice Forms: http: //www. des. state. nh. us/ORCB/DOCLIST /notice_of_gmp. doc http: //www. des. state. nh. us/ORCB/DOCLIST /landfill_notice_of_gmp. doc

Env-Or 607. 09 Recordation NHDES Contact Karlee Kenison, P. G. Waste Management Division 29 Hazen Drive Concord, NH 03301 -0095 Tel: (603) 271 -6542 Fax: (603) 271 -2181 Email: karlee. kenison@des. nh. gov

Low-Level Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) Screening Program Update Kenneth Richards, P. G. NH Department of Environmental Services

Low-Level Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) Screening Program Update Kenneth Richards, P. G. NH Department of Environmental Services

Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) l Also known as 1, 2 -dibromomethane and numerous trade names and acronyms l Used in the past as a leaded gas additive (phased out in 1985) and soil fumigant (banned in 1984) for crops and turf (golf courses). Also as a solvent, waterproofing agent, in dyes & pharmaceuticals l Still used in aviation and racing fuels and chemical formulations l Released to the environment by leaded gasoline spills and land applications as a pesticide

Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) (cont. ) l EDB is a volatile organic compound (VOC) and is included on the U. S. EPA SW-846 Method 8260 list of analytes l The Method 8260 detection limit for EDB in relatively clean samples is generally 0. 5 – 1. 0 ug/l l The Federal Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) and New Hampshire AGQS for EDB is 0. 05 ug/l

Program Goals l Identify EDB presence/absence at NH Sites l Identify potential EDB impacts to drinking water wells l Provide basis to formulate modified monitoring programs at identified EDB sites to include lowlevel EDB analysis

Site & Sampling Point Selection l Release sites with known gasoline storage in 1985 or earlier l Sampling points selected along transect of contaminant plume l In general, samples collected from one source area well, one mid-plume well & one distal well

Analytical Methods For Low-Level EDB Detection l US EPA SW-846 Method 8011 l US EPA SW-846 Method 504. 1 l US EPA SW-846 Method 8260 SIM (Selective Ion Method)

Preliminary Results l 200 sites during Spring, 2008 groundwater sampling rounds; 700 groundwater samples analyzed l EDB positively detected at 15% of sites sampled l Detections ranged up to 650 ug/l l 45% of the EDB detections were <1. 0 ug/l

Preliminary Results (cont. ) l EDB detections primarily found at sampling points within or immediately downgradient of source areas l EDB not identified in water supply wells included in program

U. S. EPA LNAPL Screening Study l EPA analyzed LNAPL collected from 28 older release sites in 8 states l DES coordinated the submittal of 23 LNAPL samples from 8 NH sites l EDB identified in LNAPL samples from 4 of the 8 NH sites l EDB detected at levels ranging from 0. 15 mg/l to 255. 28 mg/l

Path Forward l Second round of low-level EDB screening to be conducted during the Fall 2008 groundwater sampling rounds l DES has been requesting field p. H measurements on wells included in Fall screening round l Individual EDB site strategy should be developed in consultation with DES project managers

1, 4 -Dioxane and 1, 2 Dibromoethane (EDB) Analytical Methods Review Lou Barinelli, Assistant Director, NHDES Laboratory

1, 4 -Dioxane • MW=88. 11 • Density=1. 03 • BP=101. 1 • Soluble in water

Available Methods • EPA Method 8260 B (C) – Purge and Trap-GC/MS • EPA Method 8270 C (D) – Liquid/Liquid Extraction-GC/MS • EPA Method 8261 A – Vacuum Distillation-GC/MS

EPA Method 8260 • In order to meet low level reporting limits on the order of 3 ppb, must make modifications • Heat sample during purge cycle (80 -90 o. C) • Acquire data in SIM Acquisition Mode • Use 1, 4 -dioxane-d 8 as an internal or surrogate standard

EPA Method 8270 C • Extract 1 L of water • Concentrate Extract • Use Isotope Dilution (1, 4 -dioxane-d 8) • Acquire data in SIM Acquisition Mode

EPA Method 8261 A • Sample is placed in a distillation chamber • The chamber is placed under vacuum • The vapor is passed through a chilled coil at 5 o. C to condense the water • The uncondensed distillate is cryogenically trapped at -196 o. C (liquid nitrogen temp) • Analytes transferred to GC/MS

EPA Method 8260 B Advantages • Most labs familiar with P&T technique • Minimal sample prep • Automation possible • Can achieve reporting limits 2 -5 ppb

EPA Method 8260 B Disadvantages • 1, 4 -Dioxane has poor purging efficiency, can be compensated for by heated purge and isotope dilution • If Method not managed correctly can encounter problems with carry over or poor reproducibility

Method 8270 C Advantages • Most labs familiar with technique • Can achieve reporting limits 1 -3 ppb • Modified to use isotope dilution

Method 8270 C Disadvantages • Possible losses during extraction procedure • Possible losses during collection and transport (samples collected with headspace) • Labor intensive for some labs

EPA Method 8261 Advantages • Easily achieve 1 -2 ppb reporting limit • Potential for sub-ppb reporting limits with SIM • Minimal sample prep • Isotope dilution is standard procedure

Method 8261 A Disadvantages • New Technique • Not common for most labs • Only 1 Instrument Manufacturer • Requires liquid nitrogen • Cost of equipment and operation

Misc. Info • Ref: "1, 4 -Dioxane - Environmental and Measurement issues" - Timothy W. Fitzpatrick & Kerry Tate, State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection“

1, 2 -Dibromoethane • Available Methods – Purge & Trap GC/MS (SIM Acquisition) – Micro-Extraction GC/ECD

Purge & Trap GC/MS • Method 8260 – 5 or 25 m. L purge volume – SIM acquisition allows for lower reporting limit

GC/ECD • Methods 8011 or 504 – Micro extraction with hexane – Direct injection on GC/ECD – Dual column confirmation – ECD selective for halogenated compounds

1, 4 Dioxane – Background Sampling Requirements, Treatment Technologies and Initial Results Frederick J. Mc. Garry, P. E. , DEE, Assistant Director, WMD

1, 4 Dioxane O H 2 C CH 2 H 2 C Sept. 12, 2008 CH 2 Background, Sampling Requirements, Treatment and Initial Results O

1, 4 Dioxane n What is it? n Why are we concerned about it? n What are the sampling requirements? n How can it be treated?

Characteristics of 1, 4 -Dioxane n Solubility – Infinite solubility in water n Low Koc therefore low affinity for activated carbon n Low vapor pressure n Most mobile contaminant @ solvent release sites n Footprint may be many times greater than TCA plume (up to 6 X greater)

Characteristics (cont. ) n Occurs more in water than in soil n Stays more in water than going to air n Volatilization is slow n Resistant to biological degradation n Will not hydrolyze n Attenuation? n Dilution n Dispersion n Volatilization

Uses for 1, 4 -Dioxane n Stabilizer for chlorinated solvents (TCA) added 2 n n n 8% by volume Paint strippers Dyes De-greasers Varnishes Impurity in antifreeze and deicing fluids Deodorants, shampoos, & cosmetics n n 23 ppm in Clairol Herbal Essence shampoo 12 ppm in Hello Kitty Bubble Bath

Health Effects of 1, 4 Dioxane n Group B 2 carcinogen: “. . . reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen” n Cancer of gall bladder, lungs, skin, and liver in laboratory mice.

Drinking Water Standards for 1, 4 -Dioxane EPA IRIS: 1 x 10 -6 cancer risk – 3 ppb EPA Regions 3 & 6 screening level – 6. 1 ppb State cleanup guidelines – 3 to 85 ppb World Health Organization – 50 ppb (10 -5 cancer risk) n NH AGQS – 3 ppb n NJ – 3 ppb n Conn, Vt – 20 ppb n Maine – 32 ppb (10 -5 cancer risk) n Mass – GW-1 of 3 ppb n n

Presence of 1, 4 Dioxane n Superfund Sites: n Keefe (Epping) – Max. conc. of 842 ppb In Mar. 2004 present in 28 of 35 wells n Ottati & Goss (Kingston) – Max. conc. 260 ppb

Presence of 1, 4 Dioxane (cont. ) n Likely present in wastewater discharges (0. 25 mg/person/day = 1 ppb) n Landfill leachate – Colebrook - 98 ppb; in 21 of 34 wells n Newmarket - 610 ppb; in 22 of 29 wells n Newport 240 ppb; in 6 of 9 wells n Hopkinton 14 ppb; in 3 of 8 wells n n Groundwater in Tokyo – 0. 05 to 113 ppb, avg. 2. 23 ppb n Tama River in Japan 0. 06 to 5 ppb (likely due to flow from WWTF)

1, 4 -Dioxane At Haz. Waste Sites n 1, 1, 1 -TCA AGQS – 200 ppb n 2 -8% 1, 4 -dioxane in TCA n Dioxane could be controlling contaminant at TCA site (3 ppb vs. 200 ppb) n TCA breaks down to 1, 1 -DCA or 1, 1 -DCE n DCA could be primary contaminant w/o TCA & dioxane be present & controlling

Dioxane Sampling Requirements n New haz. waste sites after Jan. 30, 2008 n Sites receiving new GWMP in 2008 n GWMPs where public/ private wells sampled n GWMPs or sampling programs where dioxane is an identified analyte n Haz waste sites w/ TCA, DCA, or DCE present n Haz waste sites, salvage yards, landfills after Jan. 1, 2009 n Waiver of sampling w/ 2 rounds ND

Remediation for 1, 4 -Dioxane n SVE for removal from soil but. . . n Biodegradation in presence of THF n GAC generally inappropriate n Air stripping poor due to low Henry’s Law coef. but does work (47% and 28% removal Colebrook, 65% removal Hadco) n AOP appears best process Ozone/peroxide n Peroxide and UV light n

Remediation for 1, 4 -Dioxane (cont. ) n Air sparging is ineffective n Zero-valent iron walls don’t work n ISCO has worked n H 2 O 2 plus ozone n Fenton’s reagent n Permanganate n Persulfate n Ozone alone n Phytoremediation effective

1, 4 Dioxane Summary n Highly mobile, recalcitrant compound n Present at many haz. waste sites n Likely present at active & inactive landfills n Low AGQS n May be controlling contaminant at some sites n Can be treated in-situ by ISCO and ex-situ by AOP n Additional sampling results beginning 2009 will help define extent of this contaminant