ENVISAT SCIAMACHY validation with the Direct Sun DOAS

ENVISAT / SCIAMACHY validation with the Direct Sun DOAS & mini. DOAS onboard different balloon gondolas S. Kreycy 1, M. Dorf 1 , L. Kritten 1, A. Rozanov 2, A. Butz 3, C. Camy-Peyret 4, M. P. Chipperfield 5, K. Grunow 6, J. P. Burrows 2, and K. Pfeilsticker 1 (1) Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg l'Atmosphère et l'Astrophysique (LPMAA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (2) Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen (5) Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds (3) SRON – Institute for Space Research Netherlands (6) Meteorologisches Institut, Freie Universität Berlin (4) Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire pour Sebastian Kreycy Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Structure 1. Technics & Methods 2. Flights & Results of Direct Sun-DOAS instrument direct sun measurements 3. Flights & Results of mini. DOAS limb measurements of scattered skylight 2 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

LPMA / DOAS direct sun observations (Limb Profile Monitor of the Atmosphere / Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) Balloon ascent (BA) 3 Solar occultation (SO) Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Validation of SCIAMACHY Limb Profiles – Meteorological Forecasting / Analysis Air mass trajectory calculations for the LPMA / DOAS flight at Kiruna, Sweden, on September 7. / 8. , 2009. • Find best coincidences between satellite and balloon observations • Powerful tool for flight planning • Necessary to calculate photochemical changes Plots courtesy of Katja Grunow (FU-Berlin) 4 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Validation Strategy 5 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

LPMA / DOAS Balloon Flights Performed for the Validation of SCIAMACHY Balloon flight date, time/UT Location Geophysical condition Available datasets Satellite coincidence orbit, date, time/UT Altitude range/km Time delay/h Spatial distance/km 04 Mar. 2003 13: 20– 16: 17 Kiruna 67. 9°N, 21. 1°E High-lat. spring SZA: 71. 1°– 94. 1° SO: LPMA 5273, 4 Mar. , 11: 05 5285, 5 Mar. , 07: 17 20– 30 23– 24 − 5. 1 +15. 3 369– 496 498– 499 23 Mar. 2003 14. 47– 17: 28 Kiruna 67. 9°N, 21. 1°E High-lat. spring SZA: 78. 9°– 94. 7° BA: LPMA, DOAS SO: LPMA, DOAS 5545, 23 Mar. , 11: 07 5558, 24 Mar. , 09: 01 18– 28 19– 29 20– 30 17– 30 − 5. 2 +17. 4 − 6. 2 +16. 0 268– 496 10– 495 63– 458 256– 453 9 Oct. 2003 15: 39– 17: 09 Aire sur l’Adour 43. 7°N, 0. 3°W Mid-lat. fall SZA: 72. 0°– 87. 8° BA: DOAS 8407, 9 Oct. , 09: 51 8421, 10 Oct. , 09: 20 17– 31 25– 33 − 6. 5 +17. 2 738– 988 547– 977 24 Mar. 2004 14: 04– 17: 31 Kiruna 67. 9°N, 21. 1°E High-lat. spring SZA: 74. 5°– 95. 3° BA: DOAS SO: DOAS 10798, 24 Mar. , 10: 35 10812, 25 Mar. , 10: 04 12– 33 6– 16 10– 33 10– 20 − 5. 4 +19. 9 − 6. 9 +16. 7 371– 499 32– 485 191– 436 301– 475 17 June 2005 18: 32– 21: 13 Teresina 5. 1°S, 42. 9°W Tropical winter SZA: 60. 6°– 95. 8° BA: DOAS SO: DOAS 17240, 17 June, 11: 53 17255, 18 June, 13: 02 25– 30 5– 33 23– 32 8– 33 − 8. 1 +18. 4 − 9. 1 +16. 2 382– 491 6– 490 519– 971 12– 496 27 June 2008 05: 22 - 21: 18 Teresina 5. 1°S, 42. 9°W Tropical winter SZA: 60. 4°– 95. 7° SO: DOAS 33058, 26 June, 13: 04 33072, 27 June, 12: 32 33072, 27 June, 12: 34 18 -30 12 -35 12 -38 -19. 9 +3. 9 416 -989 540 -991 160 -543 7/8 Sep. 2009 Kiruna High-lat. summer LPMA/DOAS 39326, 7 Sept. 09: 57 21 -34 -6. 9 418 -497 14: 53 – 06: 05 67. 9°N, 21. 1°E SZA: 76. 4° - 94. 5° BA/SO 39326, 7 Sept. 09: 59 9 -34 -6. 8 219 -404 39340, 8 Sept. 09: 25 10 -34 +18. 1 58 -382 7 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Comparison of O 3 profiles from the Direct Sun DOAS and SCIAMACHY • Comparision for the Flight of September 7 th/8 th 2009 – Ascent 16: 00 UT – Sunset 17: 45 UT • Orbit 39326 07 -Sep-2009 09: 57: 02 UT V 2. 1 Total column, DU: 280 8 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Validation of Level 2 Products – O 3 and NO 2 Profiles Aims • Less scatter of the SCIAMACHY O 3 and NO 2 • Better agreement below 20 km O 3 concentration (Balloon) / O 3 concentration (SCIAMACHY) -1 Update of Butz et al. , 2006 Retrieval V 2. 1 by A. Rozanov 9 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Validation of Level 2 Products – O 3 and NO 2 Profiles Updates • New Level 1 data • Improved tangent-height information • Changes in the algorithm and retrieval NO 2 concentration (Balloon) / NO 2 concentration (SCIAMACHY) -1 Update of Butz et al. , 2006 Retrieval V 3. 1 by A. Rozanov 10 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Validation of Level 2 Products – Br. O Profiles Teresina, Brasil Orbit 17240, 17 -June-2005 11: 53 UT V 3. 2 Teresina, Brasil Orbit 17255, 18 -June-2005 13: 02 UT V 3. 2 Br. O concentration (Balloon) / Br. O concentration (SCIAMACHY) -1 By: A. Rozanov et al. , 2010, AMTD Paper 11 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Structure 1. Technics & Methods 2. Flights & Results of Direct Sun-DOAS instrument direct sun measurements 3. Flights & Results of mini. DOAS limb measurements of scattered skylight 12 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Validation of Level 2 Products – mini. DOAS Limb Scanning on different Balloon Platforms Balloon flight date, time/ Location UT Geophysical condition Teresina /Brasil Tropical winter 5. 1°S, 42. 9°W SZA: 60. 4°– 95. 7° Teresina / Brasil Tropical winter 5. 1°S, 42. 9°W SZA: 60. 4°– 95. 7° March 10/11, Kiruna / Sweden High-latitude 2009 (67. 9°N, 21. 1°E) winter June 5/6, 2008 June 13, 2008 June 27, 2008 September 7/8, Kiruna / Sweden 2009 (67. 9°N, 21. 1°E) 13 High-latitude summer 73. 7° - 95. 7° Available datasets MIPAS/TELIS/ Mini-DOAS Altitude Time Spatial range/ delay/ distance/ km h Km - - - 12 -35 0 550 18 -30 12 -35 12 -38 -19. 9 +3. 9 416 -989 540 -991 160 -543 10 -32 0 39326, 7 Sept. 09: 57 21 -34 -6. 9 418 -497 39326, 7 Sept. 09: 59 9 -34 -6. 8 219 -404 39340, 8 Sept. 09: 25 10 -34 +18. 1 58 -382 Satellite coincidence orbit, date, time/UT Measurement failed Limb observations LPMA/IASI/ 32872, 13 June, Mini-DOAS 13: 14 Limb observations LPMA/DOAS/ 33058, 26 June 13: 04 Mini-DOAS 33072, 27 June 12: 32 Limb observations 33072, 27 June 12: 34 MIPAS/TELIS/ Mini 36749, 11 March 9: 15 DOAS Limb observations 36749, 11 March 9: 17 LPMA/DOAS/ mini. DOAS Limb and nadir observations Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany 480 383

Viewing Geometry + Direct comparision to satellite, thus avoiding photochemical corrections for collocated observations - Smaller accuracy due to complexer lightpath Allday measurements allow to monitor the time dependency of radicals 14 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Validation of Level 2 Products – mini. DOAS Limb Scanning One Profile every 20 minutes enables monitoring of concentration changes Satellite overpass Diurnal variation of NO 2 (left) and Br. O (right) measured by balloon-borne limb scattered skylight observation at Teresina, Brazil on June 30, 2005 15 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Validation of Level 2 Products – mini. DOAS Limb Scanning NO 2 Profiles Teresina, Brasil 30 -June-2005, 14: 00 UT Orbit 17427 30 -June -2005 13: 55: 02 UT V 3. 1 by L. Kritten et al. , 2009, AMT Paper 16 Characterization of the Retrieval Left panel: Averaging kernels Middle panel: Area of the averaging kernels Right panel: Backus-Gilbert spread of the averaging kernels. The degrees of freedom are 10 (IUP Heidelberg), 7. 4 (IUP Bremen) and 9. 9 (MPI Mainz) Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Summary and Conclusions Results from the 7 LPMA/DOAS and 15 mini. DOAS validation flights: • Variable good agreement is obtained for level 2 products (Br. O, NO 2 and O 3) • Air mass trajectory calculations prove to be a powerful tool for satellite validation – for flight planning and for the calculation of photochemical change • For Br. O a comparison study is coordinated by the university of Bremen for the algorithms and retrieval results from IUP-Bremen, MPI-Mainz and ESA Operational Processor (DLR) (BOOST project – Alexei Rozanov) • Direct Sun-DOAS measurements – High accuracy – temporal restricted point measurements • mini. DOAS observations are very important for satellite validation, due to – Direct comparision of measurement to satellite, thus avoiding photochemical corrections for collocated observations. – Ability to monitor the time dependency of radicals – Reasonable large degrees of information content Two different methods for satellite validation 17 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Thank You Upcoming activities: Flights from Kiruna in Spring 2011 including : • MIPAS / Mini-DOAS, • LPMA/DOAS / Mini-DOAS, • Salomon-N 2 / Mini-DOAS 19 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

DOAS Technique 20 Institut für Umweltphysik, University of Heidelberg, Germany

DOAS Fit • FItting 21 Institut für Umweltphysik, University of Heidelberg, Germany

LPMA/DOAS Balloon Gondola (Limb Profile Monitor of the Atmosphere / Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) 22 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Instrumentation • ‘Big’- DOAS instrument (direct Sun): • • • 2 grating spectrometers in one thermostated (273 K) and evacuated housing Cooled photo diode detectors (1024 diodes, T = - 260 K) Wavelength ranges and resolution: UV (316 - 418 nm, Δλ = 0. 5 nm) Visible (400 - 653 nm, Δλ = 1. 3 nm) Light intake: Solar tracker and glas fibre bundle Ascent /Solar occultation measurements Total mass 45 Kg Total power consumption ~20 W Target species: O 3, O 4, H 2 O, NO 2, OCl. O, Br. O, IO, OIO, and solar irradiance 23 • Mini-DOAS instruments (Nadir & Limb): • • • 2 grating spectrometers in one thermostated (273 K) and evacuated housing Cooled linear silicon CCD array (2048 pixels, T = 273 K) Wavelength range and resolution: (320 - 520 nm, Δλ = 0. 8 nm) Light intake: Glass fibre bundles NADIR and LIMB (+1 to -5 o) observations Total mass 7. 5 kg Total power consumption ~7. 5 W Target species: O 3, O 4, NO 2, Br. O, nadir and limb radiance, possibly OCl. O, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

The (Mini-)DOAS Instrument stepper motor electronics 320 -500 nm 5 kg styrofoamhousing computer USB 2000 mini-DOAS deployed on: MIPAS – B 2 LPMA / IASI 1, 6 kg LPMA / DOAS Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany