ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PLANT NUTRITION Dr Pter Csath ENVIRONMENTALLY

ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PLANT NUTRITION Dr. Péter Csathó

ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PLANT NUTRITION 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility 2. Basic principles and methods of soil tests (30 slides) 3. Principles and methods of plant analysis 4. Types of Plant Nutrition Experiments 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance 6. Plant nutrition and environmental aspects of soil p. H and lime status 7. Assessing of organic farming from the aspect of sustainable plant nutrition 8. The environmental aspects of plant nutrition 9. Heavy metal load of agricultural production related to plants nutrition 10. The basics of environmentally sound plant nutrition advisory system : Evaluation of the database of Hungarian long-term field NPK fertilization exeriments 11. The structure of environmentally sound plant nutrition advisory system 12. Comparative evaluation of the environmentally sound plant nutrition advisory system, and its application in case of some farms

5. Principles and method of nutrient balance ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY POWER PLANTS

The rational use of soil, the maintenance and improvement of its fertility makes it necessary to examine the turnover of essential minerals. Although only 5 -10% of the plant dry matter has mineral origin, the growth of plant is determined by the amount of these mineral elements on the soil and in aquatic ecosystems. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

First nutrient balances: Boussingault Liebig Prjanisnyikov Cserháti 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

Classification of NPK balances related to unit area plot farm county region national level 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

A Nutrient gaines and losses in soils (Mengel, 1987) Ide ez az ábra jól jönne 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

A Nutrient gaines and losses in soils Gains Losses manure Crop removal fertilizer Denitrification (N) N-fixation Volatilization (ammonia) Weathering Leaching (nitrate) Release by organic matter Erosion Seeds [Nutrient entrapment] deposits irrigation water 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

Simplified agronomic NPK Balance The extent of gains from the seed and deposits is approximately the same as the extent of losses from volatilization and denitrification Non of them is considered in the balance calculation. Similarly, the extent of nutrient mineralization (gains) and the nutrient entrapment (losses) are also not taken into consideration. These nutrients remain in the corn field (plot). Erosion of course can reduce the plot fertility, but if the soil does not leave the plot, erosion does not affect the cornfields (plots) balance. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

Former national NPK balance calculations Zukker (1938) Farkas (1942) Láng (1960) Győrffy (1965) Kádár (1982, 1987, 1992) Sarkadi (1979) Csathó (1994) Csathó és Radimszky (2005) 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

Former county NPK balance calculations Rézhegyi and Debreceni (1989) /Pest county/ Markó (1987) /Somogy County/ Nagy (1991) / Fejér county / Máthéné et al. (2005) / Each county / 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

Former county NPK balance calculations Rézhegyi and Debreceni (1989) /Pest county/ Markó (1987) /Somogy County/ Nagy (1991) / Fejér county / Máthéné et al. (2005) / Each county / 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

The Kádár's and OECD agronomic approach NPK balances are "compatible„ with each other. The environmental approach N balances show about 20 -30 kg / ha more N than the agronomic balances. Hungary has to make its environmental balance and has to report it annually to the OECD , as part of the obligations of OECD membership. 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

Nutrient gains and losses of The OECD Environmental Approach NP balances Gains Losses manure Crop removal fertilizer Denitrification (N) seeds Volatilization (ammonia) By product of green crops Leaching (nitrate) N-fixation of legumes Erosion deposits from air [Nutrient entrapment] irrigation water nutrient mineralization 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

NPK quantities produced by animal species (kg / head / year) (Csathó, 1997) Animal species Produced nutrient kg/animal/year N P 2 O 5 K 2 O cattle horse buffalo 60, 0 30, 0 60, 0 donkey mule pig 25, 0 10, 0 12, 5 5, 0 25, 0 10, 0 sheep goat poultry 9, 0 0, 4 4, 5 0, 2 9, 0 0, 4 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

N, P 2 O 5 és K 2 O content of the main yield and by product of the most important arable plants based on Hungarian literature Csathó, 1997) Plant Winter wheat Rice Barley (ő, t) Maize Millet Oat Rye Sorghum Soy Sunflower Rape Bean Pea Potato Sugarbeet Vegetable Grape Fruit Flax Hemp Tobacco Feed hops Red clover Alfafa Corn silage Other greenfeed Other feed Main yield Name seed seed seed seed tuber rute main yield seed leaf root cone hay above ground part N% P 2 O 5 % K 2 O % By product Name 2, 0 1, 2 1, 7 1, 6 2, 0 1, 9 1, 8 2, 0 5, 5 2, 4 3, 5 4, 1 3, 7 0, 4 0, 2 0, 4 0, 5 3, 3 2, 6 3, 0 0, 2 3, 2 2, 3 2, 7 0, 9 0, 6 0, 7 0, 8 0, 6 1, 0 1, 2 1, 6 1, 2 1, 0 0, 2 0, 1 0, 2 0, 3 1, 7 0, 6 0, 1 1, 5 0, 7 0, 5 0, 6 0, 5 0, 4 0, 3 0, 5 0, 6 0, 3 1, 2 1, 0 1, 7 1, 2 0, 7 0, 3 0, 2 0, 3 0, 4 1, 0 0, 9 4, 0 0, 4 3, 0 1, 6 1, 5 straw straw stem stem straw stem loaf+leaf by-product weed loaf+leaf stem - 0, 5 0, 6 0, 8 0, 6 0, 5 0, 8 0, 5 1, 6 0, 9 0, 4 0, 32 0, 46 0, 3 2, 0 0, 3 - 0, 2 0, 2 0, 3 0, 2 0, 3 0, 4 0, 2 0, 12 0, 18 0, 4 0, 2 0, 9 0, 1 - 1, 0 0, 9 1, 2 1, 0 0, 8 1, 5 0, 9 0, 8 3, 5 1, 1 1, 3 1, 0 0, 4 0, 66 1, 06 1, 12 1, 0 0, 6 3, 0 0, 4 - 0, 3 0, 1 0, 4 - - - above ground part 5. 0, 5 Principles 0, 2 and hay 1, 8 0, 5 N% P 2 O 5 % K 2 O % 0, 7 method of nutrient balance 2, 0 - -

Changes in by-products’ utilization during the 20 th century were considered as follows: By product 1901 -1965 1966 -1970 1971 -2000 The ratio of by product taken away from the plots Cereal straw 100% Maize stalk 100% Sunflower stalk 100% 85% 50% 70% 0% 0% 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

National NPK nutrient balances 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

Landuse pattern categories in Hungary, 1901 -2000 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

Volume of livestock production in Hungary, 1901 -2000.

Organic Fertilizer consumption in Hungary, 1901 -2005 (Csathó és Radimszky, 2008)

Fertilizer consumption in Hungary 1901 -2010 (Csathó és Radimszky, 2011)

Total production of main crops in Hungary, 1901 -2000.

The yearly N-balance of the Hungarian agriculture, 1901 -2006 (Environmental approach Csathó and Radimszky, 2008)

The yearly P balance of Hungarian agriculture , 1901 -2006 (Environmental Approach, Csathó and Radimszky, 2008)

The yearly K balance of Hungarian agriculture, 1901 -2006 (Environmental approach Csathó and Radimszky, 2008)

NPK balances in Hungary, 1901 -2000. (Agronomic approach, Csathó and Radimszky, 2000)

Cummulative NPK balances in Hungary, 1901 -2000. (Agronomic approach, Csathó and Radimszky, 2003)

The estimated N-supply of Hungarian soils, 1960 -2010 Stefanovits and Sarkadi (1963), Kádár (1992), Kovács (1984), Baranyai et al. (1987), Buzásné et al. (1988), Csathó (2003, 2012) nyomán N

The estimated P supply of Hungarian soils, 1960 -2010 Stefanovits and Sarkadi (1963), Kádár (1992), Kovács (1984), Baranyai et al. (1987), Buzásné et al. (1988), Csathó (2003, 2012) nyomán P

The estimated K supply in Hungarian soils Stefanovits and Sarkadi (1963), Kádár (1992), Kovács (1984), Baranyai et al. (1987), Buzásné et al. (1988), Csathó (2003, 2012) nyomán K

Regional NPK nutrient balance 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

N-balance of Hungarian agronomic regions, related to kg N / ha arable land, 1960 -2003 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

P-balance of Hungarian agronomic regions, related to P 2 O 5 kg / ha arable land, 1960 -2003 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

K-balance of Hungarian agronomic regions, related to kg K 2 O / ha arable land, 1960 -2003 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

The NPK nutrient balance of EU countries 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

Estimated cumulative N balance of European countries, 1991– 2005 (Csathó and Radimszky, 2007)

Estimated cumulative P balance of European countries, 1991– 2005 (Csathó and Radimszky, 2007)

Relationship between cumulative NP balances between 1991 (the year of Nitrate Directive is entered into force ) and 2005 and the country's livestock production in some EU countries (Csathó and Radimszky, 2009).

The estimated effect of Hungarian export feed grains on the nutrient management / 5 million tons of manure ingredient is resulted from the use of feed grains surplus / 5. Principles and method of nutrient balance

5. Principles and method of nutrient balance