Environmental sustainability of energy generation in developing countries

Environmental sustainability of energy generation in developing countries Dr Alejandro Gallego Schmid 25 th October 2017 www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

Sustainable Industrial Systems m 17 members (3 acad. , 6 postd. , 7 Ph. D students and 1 adm. ) m. Identify sustainable solutions for industrial systems on a life cycle basis, taking into account economic, environmental and social aspects. m. Different sectors: chemicals, construction, food & drink, energy and transport. www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

Research topics m. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) m. Carbon Footprinting m. Sustainable Production and Consumption m. Sustainability Assessment m. Sustainable Technologies m. Sustainable Cities m. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) m. Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) m. Eco-design m. Circular economy www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

What is Life Cycle Assessment? m. Life cycle assessment is an environmental sustainability tool m. It applies life cycle thinking to assess the environmental consequences of human activities www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

Environmental impacts m. Calculate (potential) impacts: m. Resource depletion m. Global warming (carbon footprint) m. Ozone layer depletion m. Acidification m. Photochemical smog m. Eutrophication m. Eco-toxicity m. Human toxicity www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

LCA methodology Standard ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

Case 1: Sustainable Systems for Off-grid Remote Communities Jhud Mikhail Aberilla Dr Alejandro Gallego Schmid Dr Laurence Stamford Prof Adisa Azapagic www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

The Philippines energy context (2014) Number of off-grid power stations, by daily operating hours Power generation mix, 2016 (90. 8 GWh) 13 21. 9% Coal 6. 2% 98 Oil 12. 2% Natural Gas 24. 2% Geothermal 202 8. 9% Hydro 3. 1% Biomass, Solar, Wind 33 47. 7% Ref: IEA/World Bank, 2017; PH-DOE, 2017 53 24 hr 16 -18 hr 12 hr 8 hr 4 -6 hr www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

General aims and objectives m. Evaluate the life cycle environmental impacts and cost of technology options for providing electricity and heat in off-grid areas m. Develop electrification scenarios for representative rural communities in the near (2020), medium (2030) and far future (2050) m. Assess the sustainability of solutions identified in the scenarios, considering environmental, economic and social aspects www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

Case 2: Sustainability assessment of electricity generation in Chile Carlos Gaete Dr Alejandro Gallego Dr Laurence Stamford Prof Adisa Azapagic www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

The electricity sector in Chile www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

Aims and objectives m. To assess life cycle sustainability of current electricity generation in Chile m. Economic, environmental and social m. To define future scenarios to 2050 and evaluate sustainability m. To identify most sustainable options for future electricity generation www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

Life cycle assessment Standard ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 Goal and scope Results interpretation and validation Assessment of electricity generation 226 plants in SING and SIC. Functional Unit: 1 k. Wh Data and assumptions Government databases Government reports Background data: ECOINVENT 2. 2 LCI Ga. Bi Software Environmental Impacts: CML 2001, Apr. 2015. www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

Case 3: Environmental assessment of homemade solar cookers Dr Joan Manuel F. Mendoza Dr Alejandro Gallego Schmid Dr Ximena C. Schmidt Rivera Prof Adisa Azapagic www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

Solar cooker or microwaves? 50% 75% 70% Decouple resource consumption and economic growth or www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

Aims and objectives m. Environmental and economic assessment of different types of solar cooker m. Environmental and economic payback compared with microwaves m. Effects at different geographical levels (city, region and country) www. sustainable-systems. org. uk

Questions? Want to collaborate? Dr Alejandro Gallego Schmid alejandro. gallegoschmid@manchester. ac. uk THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION www. sustainable-systems. org. uk