Environmental Science Do Now 12417 Do Now 5

Environmental Science Do Now 12/4/17 • Do Now (5 min): Take your Do Now sheet out and try to answer each question. • 1) What is the definition of a pest? • 2) How can pest be controlled? • 3) How do you think pests impact agriculture and the business of farming?

Environmental Science Do Now 12/4/17 KEY • Do Now (5 min): Take your Do Now sheet out and try to answer each question. • 1) What is the definition of a pest? A pest is a general term for organisms (rats, insects, etc. ) which may cause illness or damage or consume food crops and other materials important to humans. An organism that is considered a nuisance to man, most usually having disease-causing properties.

Environmental Science Do Now 12/4/17 KEY • Do Now (5 min): Take your Do Now sheet out and try to answer each question. • 2) How can pest be controlled? Identify the pest, remove standing water, keep your kitchen clean and all food in containers, keep your house clean and clutter free, deny access to your home, try the less toxic pesticides first if other preventative measure fail, and, if need be, consider getting professional help.

Environmental Science Do Now 12/4/17 KEY • 3) How do you think pests impact agriculture and the business of farming? direct control and management costs predation of livestock by wild dogs, foxes and feral pigs competition for resources destruction of natural resources through soil disturbance and removal of vegetation • destruction of pastures and crops • creation of general nuisance in urban and rural residential areas and associated management • reduction of nature-based tourism due to destruction of natural resources. • •

Winter Sports for the Week Below is the New Era Schedule for the week of 12/4. • Wednesday 12/6 • NONE • Monday 12/4 • NONE • Thursday 12/7 • Girls Varsity Basketball @ Dunbar, 3: 45 pm • Tuesday 12/5 • Boys JV & Varsity Basketball @ Lake Clifton, 3: 45 pm/5: 15 pm • Girls Varsity Basketball vs. Lake Clifton, 3: 45 pm • Friday 12/8 • Varsity Indoor Track @ Armory, League Meet # 1, 3: 45 pm • Saturday 12/9 • NONE

Objective • The student will know the types of pests that attack agriculture and their impact by performing a close read, answering TDQs, and concept check questions. • Mastery Level: – ~70% or better on concept check questions

Homework • Provide 3 pros and cons of pest control/management.

Engage • Students will watch a You. Tube video called “Venomous Cane Toads | Nat Geo Wild”. • Guide Question: How did the cane toad impact Australia’s environment? • Source: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r. I 8 Ii. Lq. IE V 0

Australian Pest Infestation • You. Tube video on pests • Source: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z. WVwj 8 e. YSk

Explore • Students will perform a close read on the Double Entry Journal article titled “Cane Toad Facts for Kids”. As the students read the article, they will annotate it using the symbols posted in the classroom. Students will write textual comments in the margins of the article. Each annotation symbol is worth 2. 5 points and each textual comment is worth 5 points. The goal is for each student to earn 30 points worth of annotations plus 6 annotation symbols. Students will answer text-dependent questions that are based on the article. • Source: https: //www. activewild. com/cane-toad-facts-forkids/

Explore – Cane Toad Close Read Article TDQs • 1) What is the main idea of the article? • 2) What are three most important statements made in the article? Why were they the most important? • 3) Why were these toads brought to Australia? • 4) Create a T-chart that shows how Cane Toads positively and negatively impacted Australia’s ecosystems? • 5) Define amphibian. • 6) Why did the author make the following statement, “The bumps on a toad’s skin are not ‘warts’. ” ‘warts’. • 7) Use your prior knowledge to explain why the Cane Toad is an invasive species. • 8) Name a country located in Central America. • 9) Name a country located in South America.

• • • Vocabulary Words Pest control Pest management Chemical control Biological control Selective pesticide Biodegradable Bioaccumulation Integrated pest control system Pesticide

Control of Agricultural Pests EXPLAIN

Chemical and biological control of agricultural pests Environmental Science Unit V: Earth Resources December 4, 2017

Management of Pests • Pests are organisms that compete with humans for food sources and space. • Controlling pests is important in the agricultural industry. If not treated properly pests will invade our crops, damaging human food sources. • There are two main ways to manage pests: 1. Using pesticides (chemical control) 2. Using predators or parasites (biological control)

Chemical Control • Pesticides are toxic chemicals that kill pests. Ideally pesticides should be: Selective only kills the species it is supposed to. Biodegradable can be broken down into non toxic substances. It should be non toxic to other organisms Cost effective development cost of pesticides are high and is only useful for a limited period of time as pest will become resistant to it over time. How does this happen? Not accumulate build up of pesticide in specific parts of an organism is not ideal as it will be passed along food chains. Non mobile stays where it is applied.

Bioaccumulation • Bioaccumulation can occur where the pesticide is not broken down. • Pesticides tend to be fat soluble and accumulates in the environment and in food chains. It builds up in the fatty tissues and can not be excreted as waste product. • This problem becomes worse as the pesticide progresses along the food chain. This is because organisms from higher trophic levels will eat large numbers of organisms from the lower trophic level.

Example of Bioaccumulation (1) Low concentration of pesticide on crop → → Some pests not killed, still containing low concentration pesticide Small birds feed on many insects. Building up higher concentrations of pesticide in their fatty tissues. → Birds of prey eat many small birds accumulating very high concentrations of pesticides in their fatty tissue. But not toxic enough These toxic levels may kill the bird. to kill small bird.

Example of Bioaccumulation (2) → DDT Insecticide in water (3 x 10 -6 ppm) → DDT in zooplankton (0. 04 ppm) → DDT in large fish ( 2 ppm) DDT in fish-eating birds (25 ppm ) Another example of bioaccumulation is DDT, it was used as an insecticide to kill mosquitoes. But insects slowly became resistant to it. High toxicity of DDT was found in fish which was consumed by birds. As you can see in this food chain the fish has about 10 times more DDT than zooplankton

Biological control • Predators and parasites of the pests can also be used to control pests. An example of this could be ladybirds controlling insect pests on citrus fruits. • Using a biological control does not eradicate the parasite but controls it, so it is manageable and natural. • Ideally the parasite and pests should be in balance with each other. Where the pest has little effect.

Differences between chemical and biological control Biological control • Very specific, chosen predator would only eat the pest. • Pests does not become resistance. • Control organism reproduces itself once it has been introduced therefore cheaper more cost effective. • No pollution Chemical control • Can have some effect on other non-targeted organisms. • Pests can develop genetic resistance to pesticides overtime. • Reapplied at intervals expensive

Integrated pest-control systems • These systems include both types of controlling methods to produce a better result for the management of pests. • This type of control aims to reduce the effects of pest with minimal impact on the environment. • Integrated control involves: 1. The introduction of an organism that is better suited to the local environment and is pest-resistance. 2. Provide suitable habitats for the crops. 3. Monitor crops for signs of pests regularly for earlier prevention. 4. Remove pests when it exceeds the acceptable population level. 5. Use biological agents if necessary 6. If the situation starts to get out of control use pesticide as last resort.

Pest and Productivity • Pests often competes with crops for resources. These resources are often related to the rate of photosynthesis, mineral consumption or space. Can you think of any limiting factors of photosynthesis? • Pests can also affect the human food source by consuming it themselves, directly competing with humans. • Both points above shows how pests interfere with crops to reduce productivity. • The overall aim of pest control is to balance the cost and benefits it brings. Farmers often have to think about how to produce cheap food to satisfy their costumers and make profit.

Concept Check questions on pests and pesticides From your textbook (on pages 389 -394), do questions 1 -6 [Section 2 Review] on page 394 EXTEND

Did you get 4/6 questions correct in section 2 review? EVALUATION