Environmental Science Do Now 12 11 17 Look

Environmental Science Do Now 12 -11 -17 Look at the political cartoon to the right and answer both questions. • 1) What is this political cartoon showing? • 2) What is the meaning of this political cartoon?

Environmental Science Do Now 12 -11 -17 • What is this political cartoon showing? Animals and plants with various disfigurements (i. e. 2 noses, 3 eyes, 2 heads, etc. ) representing genetically modified organisms. • What is the meaning of this political cartoon? By the carrot saying, “Just trust us!”, the meaning of the cartoon is that GMOs are safe for consumers to eat even though the organisms look unusual.

Objective • The student will know how genetically modified organisms or GMOs are created and their advantages and disadvantages by performing a close read, answering TDQs, and answering an exit ticket question. • Mastery Level: • 70% or better on concept check questions

Vocabulary Words related to GMOs • Genetically modified organism • DNA • Gene • Mutation • Insertion • Artificial selection • Natural selection • Trait • • Plasmid Recombinant DNA Chromosome Biotechnology Transgenic Transgene Biofuels Bioremediation

FYI. . . The status of environmental science averages are plummeting! • Early last week, I gave students (who were present) a grade update thinking that would encourage students to “stay the course”. • However, since then, many students have dropped off DRAMATICALLY in submitting assignments (HW, Close Read annotations and TDQs) • Please be advised that your average evolves DAILY regardless of whether you feel like working or not! • For absentees, school occurs even when you aren’t here!

Friday’s Homework – To be collected!!! • Should genetically modified foods on our grocery shelves be labeled to inform the consumer? Justify your answer based on today’s notes and discussions.

GMO: Fake Foods? ? ? Therrrrrrre fake!!!!

What is a Genetically Modified Organism? • It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another OR modification of an organism’s DNA in order to achieve a desired trait. Suntory "blue" rose

How does this differ from Mendel and his peas? Genetically Modified vs. Selective Breeding Selective breeding • Slow • Imprecise • Modification of genes that naturally occur in the organism (animals and plants) Genetically Modified • Very fast • Precise • Can introduce genes into an organisms that would not naturally occur!

Genetic engineering vs agricultural breeding • Artificial selection has influenced the genetic makeup of livestock and crops for thousands of years. • Supporters of GM crops say GM foods are safe. • Critics of GM foods say: – Traditional breeding uses genes from the same species. – Selective breeding deals with whole organisms, not just genes. – In traditional breeding, genes come together on their own.

Agricultural breeding Traditional breeding changes organisms through selection, while genetic engineering is more like the process of mutation.

Genetically modified organisms Scientists take the gene with the desired trait from an organism, insert the gene into a circular piece of bacterial DNA called a plasmid and then insert the plasmid with the desired gene (called recombinant DNA) into bacteria so the bacteria will reproduce multiple copies of the desired gene.

Biotechnology is impacting our lives • Biotechnology: the material application of biological science to create products derived from organisms • Transgenic organism: an organism that contains DNA from another species – Transgenes: the genes that have moved between organisms

GMO in Medicine • Insulin (e. g. , Sem. Bio. Sys Genetics Inc - safflower) • • Clotting factors Atryn (blood-thinner). Banana vaccines Cancer fighting eggs

GMO in Biofuel Algenol Biofuels Rapeseed (i. e. , canola)

GMO in Bioremediation Enviropig i. e. , “Frankenswine” • Poplar trees remove groundwater contaminants • Able to digest and process phosphate

GMO in Pesticides + • Kills caterpillars but not poisonous to humans http: //www. nature. com/cr/journal/v 12/n 2/full/7290120 a. html

GMO in Manufacturing + • Produces silk in milk to make Biosteel

Some genetically modified foods Bt crops

Some genetically modified foods Soybean Roundup ready crops

Some genetically modified foods Ice minus strawberries

Some genetically modified foods Golden rice fortified with vitamins

Some genetically modified foods Starlink corn

Some genetically modified foods Aqu. Advantage salmon

genetically modified baby

Common GM Foods Products • Corn • Canola • Potatoes • Tomatoes • Squash • Soybeans • Flax • Cottonseed oil • Sugarbeets

Common GM Foods

Genetically Modified Foods Experts say 60% to 70% of processed foods on U. S. grocery shelves have genetically modified ingredients. Common GM crops: • Soybeans • Corn • Cotton

Genetically Modified Foods Cons • • Introducing allergens and toxins to food Accidental cross pollination Antibiotic resistance Creation of "super" weeds and other environmental risks

Genetically Modified Foods Pros • • • Increased pest and disease resistance Grow food in harsh climate Increased food supply (more food/acre) More nutritional value Make drugs Ring spot virus

GMO Controversy in Hawaii http: //hawaiiseed. org/local-issues/taro/

Concept Check Questions (100 points) • 1) What is selective breeding? What is it used for? 8 points • 2) What is biotechnology? 8 points • 3) Give an example of selective breeding. 8 points • 4) Define transgenic, recombinant DNA, and gene therapy. 8 points • 5) What are the pros and cons of genetically modified foods? 8 points • 6) Write a 4 -6 sentence paragraph in which you suggest ways that plants could be genetically altered (changed) to improve the world’s food supply. [Your 1 st sentence in the paragraph should express the paragraph’s main idea. ] 60 points