Environmental Remote Sensing What is Remote Sensing Remote

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Environmental Remote Sensing

Environmental Remote Sensing

What is Remote Sensing? Remote sensing is a method of obtaining information about the

What is Remote Sensing? Remote sensing is a method of obtaining information about the properties of an object without coming into physical contact with it.

Why use Satellites to Study the Earth? • Consistent, routine, global measurements • Overview

Why use Satellites to Study the Earth? • Consistent, routine, global measurements • Overview of information on the hemispheric, regional, national, and local scales – the “big picture” • Provide information in areas where there are no ground-based measurements • Advance warning of impending environmental events and disasters • Visual appeal: a picture is worth a thousand words

Satellites Provide a Global View Satellite data are used for many applications, including monitoring

Satellites Provide a Global View Satellite data are used for many applications, including monitoring global weather, studying climate change, and observing the environment.

A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words! Satellites provide consistent, routine, global coverage of

A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words! Satellites provide consistent, routine, global coverage of environmental events

General Introduction

General Introduction

General Introduction

General Introduction

Detecting the Remote Signals

Detecting the Remote Signals

Main Components of RS System • Radiation Source • Transmission Path • Target Object

Main Components of RS System • Radiation Source • Transmission Path • Target Object • Sensor

Definition of Electromagnetic Radiation ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴ ﺴﻲ

Definition of Electromagnetic Radiation ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴ ﺴﻲ

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Reflection of Colors

Reflection of Colors

Reflection of Colors

Reflection of Colors

ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ 10 x 8 pixels 100 x 80 pixels 500 x 400

ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ 10 x 8 pixels 100 x 80 pixels 500 x 400 pixels

• Low spatial resolution (1 km): – Major regional features are visible (rivers,

• Low spatial resolution (1 km): – Major regional features are visible (rivers, urban areas, clouds) – Detailed features are NOT visible!

• High spatial resolution (10 m): – Detailed features are visible! – Usually

• High spatial resolution (10 m): – Detailed features are visible! – Usually high spatial resolution images are expensive!!

Sensor resolution Spatial – the size of field of view (pixel size) Spectral –

Sensor resolution Spatial – the size of field of view (pixel size) Spectral – range of EM spectrum each band of sensor detects Temporal – frequency of measurements at a certain location Radiometric – sensitivity of a sensor to difference in EM energy strength (recording resolution of sensor) Radiometric: a sensor records EM energy as brightness value (integer) 2 -bit 0 8 -bit 0 9 -bit 0 Conversion from binary to decimal for 2 -bit 00 = 0 x 21 +0 x 20 = 0 01 = 0 x 21 +1 x 20 = 1 10 = 1 x 21 +0 x 20 = 2 11 = 1 x 21 +1 x 20 = 3 3 255 511

Sensor resolution radiometric spatial spectral

Sensor resolution radiometric spatial spectral

ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ • Snow measurement • Air Quality •

ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ • Snow measurement • Air Quality • Ocean Environment, Resources and Quality • Surface Water Quality and Monitoring (lakes, rives…. )