Environmental Issues Forest Ecology Issues NGOs Chapter 16

Environmental Issues Forest Ecology Issues & NGOs Chapter 16

International Boreal Conservation Campaign

Forests l l old growth forest: original trees 1990 s: l l 96% of original California redwoods (cedar) had been forested problems l l forest has a right to exist for its own sake nesting site of endangered marbled murrelet

Solutions l selective environmentalism l work within the (political, economic, social) systems that exist l l l use courts pressure politicians business negotiations ally with scientists deep ecology l l l militant confrontational direct action

Spectrum of Environmental Management l l l frontier economics resource management sustainable development selective environmentalism deep ecology

Frontier Economics l l little thought to the environment infinite supply of resources development of resource-based sciences, engineering, technologies cornucopian l innovation & adaptation

Resource Management l l economic growth comes before the environment polluter pays environmental assessments and mitigation multidisciplinary specializations in traditional sciences & engineering

Selective Environmentalism l l environment comes before the economy environmentally friendly (“green”) products environmental preservation and planning development of multidisciplinary specializations within traditional sciences & engineering

Deep Ecology l l little thought to the economy natural resources limited development of narrowly based sciences, research philosophy: all life has inherent, equal value (do not have to have value to humans)

Sustainable Development l l society, economics & environment part of a mutually supporting system long-term consideration of environment and economy seen as inseparable healthy environment essential for healthy economy eco-sciences

Some Results l by activists: l Forest Stewardship Council: forest certification system l l by the logging companies: l l l re-forestation “green” wood (second growth) reduced impact logging selective cutting reduce wastage by the consumer: l l identify forest products produce from managed forests re-use of lumber by government: l conservation