Environmental Interdependence Coexisting in an ecosystem PlantHerbivore Interaction

Environmental Interdependence Coexisting in an ecosystem

Plant-Herbivore Interaction • A relationship between plants and the animals that eat them • Ex. A cow eating grass • Ex. A deer eating leaves from a tree

Plant-Herbivore Interaction

Predator- Prey • Predator- members of a species that capture and eat members of another species 2 types of predators 1. Carnivores 2. Omnivores • Prey- the members of the species that are captured and eaten • Ex. A hawk hunting and consuming a rabbit • Ex. Lions hunting and consuming a zebra

Predator- Prey

Competition • A relationship in which organisms use the same resources at the same time in the same place so they must compete with each other for the use of the resources Competitive Exclusion • The extinction of one species in an area due to competition with another species • Ex. Two male alligators compete for territory and for females. One male will be more dominant than the other and better able to survive. • Ex. Two different species of birds compete with each other for the same nesting space, food source, and water supply. One of the species will be more successful that the other species and the other species will fail.

Competition

Cooperation • A relationship within certain populations to work together for a common goal • Ex. Social insects, such as honeybees, termites, and ants (they form colonies and divide the labor) • Ex. Wolves form a pack( they work together to hunt and kill prey and rear their young)

Cooperation

Symbiosis Living together

Symbiosis • Relationships in which two organisms of different species live together very closely 3 types 1. Mutualism 2. Commensalism 3. Parasitism

Mutualism • Two different species both benefits from their relationship with each other • Ex. Flowering plants and pollinators (the flowers provide the insects with nectar and pollen. In turn the insect go from flower to flower and help pollinate the plants)

Mutualism

Commensalism • Relationship in which one species benefits and the other species in neither helped nor harmed • Ex. Barnacles and whales (The barnacles benefit by attaching to the whale and as the whale moves the barnacles can filter feed. The whale is unaffected)

Commensalism

Parasitism • Relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other organism • Parasite- live in or on another organism • Host- the organism that is being weakened by the parasite • Ex. Roundworms and dogs (dogs=host, roundworm=parasite)

Parasitism