Environmental Impacts of Electric Vehicle Charging Noah Garcia

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Environmental Impacts of Electric Vehicle Charging Noah Garcia Natural Resources Defense Council May 25

Environmental Impacts of Electric Vehicle Charging Noah Garcia Natural Resources Defense Council May 25 th

Power Sector Snapshot Missouri Electricity Generation by Source 90, 000 80, 000 Coal 70,

Power Sector Snapshot Missouri Electricity Generation by Source 90, 000 80, 000 Coal 70, 000 60, 000 Nuclear MMh 50, 000 40, 000 Natural Gas 30, 000 Wind 20, 000 10, 000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source data: EIA Hydroelectric Conventional

EV vs. Gasoline Vehicle Emissions Comparison Vehicle Type Annual Emissions per Vehicle (lbs CO

EV vs. Gasoline Vehicle Emissions Comparison Vehicle Type Annual Emissions per Vehicle (lbs CO 2 e) Gasoline 11, 435 All Electric (BEV) 8, 328 Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV) 8, 552 Hybrid 6, 258 BEVs in Missouri still emit 27. 2% less pollutants than gasoline counterparts (on average) Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center (DOE)

Criteria Pollutants Missouri Power Sector Criteria Pollutant Emissions 300, 000 200, 000 Coal (SO

Criteria Pollutants Missouri Power Sector Criteria Pollutant Emissions 300, 000 200, 000 Coal (SO 2) 150, 000 Coal (NOx) Natural Gas (SO 2) 100, 000 Natural Gas (NOx) 50, 000 0 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 Metric Tons 250, 000 Source data: EIA CAIR/CSAPR reductions since 2005 Tangible public health gains to be made Estimated 50, 000 premature deaths nationally attributed to traffic pollution each year* *See Fabio Caiazzo et al. , Air pollution and early deaths in the United States, Atmospheric Environment, 2013; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Encyclopedia.

Looking Long-Term Electric vehicles get cleaner over time KCP&L wind contracts CPP estimated to

Looking Long-Term Electric vehicles get cleaner over time KCP&L wind contracts CPP estimated to reduce MO CO 2 emissions 28% from 2012 levels NRDC-EPRI analysis* Transportation electrification to reduce GHG emissions 430 million metric tons annually by 2050 (Base Scenario) Total transportation and electric sector emissions halved by 2050 relative to 2015 (Base Scenario) *See Environmental Assessment of a Full Electric Transportation Portfolio (NRDC, EPRI)

Looking Long-Term Charging Infrastructure Essential to overcoming barriers to EV adoption Potential to provide

Looking Long-Term Charging Infrastructure Essential to overcoming barriers to EV adoption Potential to provide more than just environmental benefits (through proper siting, load management, etc. ) Fuel cost savings Widespread utility customer benefits Grid reliability benefits Renewables Integration Key to long-term strategy

Load Management/Grid Reliability/Renewables Integration Residential EV Charging in Dallas/Fort Worth by Time of Day

Load Management/Grid Reliability/Renewables Integration Residential EV Charging in Dallas/Fort Worth by Time of Day The EV Project, Quarterly Report, Q 2, 2013. Residential EV Charging in San Diego by Time of Day The EV Project, Quarterly Report, Q 2, 2013.

Takeaways EVs provide clean air benefits in Missouri today Benefits magnified as power sector

Takeaways EVs provide clean air benefits in Missouri today Benefits magnified as power sector CO 2 and criteria pollutant emissions decline Charging infrastructure critical to widespread transportation electrification