Environmental Ethics Ayo Ayo NUTN website http myweb

環境倫理學 Environmental Ethics 鄭先祐 (Ayo) 國立臺南大學 環境與生態學院 生態科學與技術學系 Ayo NUTN website: http: //myweb. nutn. edu. tw/~hycheng/

Moral philosophy and Ethics u. Philosophers(哲學家) look for and then critically examine, concepts and assumptions that are generally “taken for granted”. u各種說法、想法、信念等的根本問題： n n What do you mean by that? How come? So what? Why should I, or you, or anyone believe that? u. Moral philosophy(道德哲學): the study of values (“goods” and “bads”) Ayo NUTN website 2

Moral philosophy and Ethics u Ethics (倫理學) deals with some general concepts of values as obligation(義務), justice(正義), rights(權利), duties(責任), virtue(美德), beneficence(慈善), etc. u Moral philosophy deals with the evaluation of personal acts, conduct, motivation and policy. u Person(個體): sentience (感性)、consciousness ( 意識)、reasoning (理性)、self-motivated activity ( 自我動機能力)、capacity to communicate(溝通), conceptualize(概念化), and to act on principle(原 則)、a concept of oneself and recognition of the personhood of other persons. (自我與他人個體價值 ) Ayo NUTN website 3

Moral responsibility u “Moral responsibility”(道德責任) normally implies knowledge(知識), capacity(能力), choice(選擇), and value significance(價值意義). 1. Knows of this requirement (知道) 2. Is capable of performing it (表現能力) 3. Can freely choose (選擇) whether or not to do it 4. The performance thereof affects the welfare and/or liberty of other beings. (價值) Ayo NUTN website 4

Environmental ethics u. Environmental ethics is concerned with the issue of responsible personal conduct (負責任的個體行為) with respect to natural landscapes(自然景觀), resources(資源), species(物種), and non-human organisms( 人以外的生物). Ayo NUTN website 6

3 levels of Ethics Ayo NUTN website 8

What is the Science? u. A. Einstein: n Science is the attempt to make the chaotic diversity of our sense-experience correspond to a logically uniform system of thought. u. Ernst Mayr: n Science is not an accumulation of facts, rather science is the search for an understanding of the world around us. Ayo NUTN website 10

books u. Ethics and the Environment: An Introduction (Cambridge Applied Ethics) by Dale Jamieson (2008) u. Environmental Ethics: Readings in Theory and Application by Louis P. Pojman and Paul Pojman (2007) Ayo NUTN website 12

books u. Environmental Ethics: An Introduction to Environmental Philosophy by Joseph R. Des Jardins (2006) u. Environmental Ethics: Readings in Theory and Application by Louis P. Pojman (2004) Ayo NUTN website 13

books u. Environmental Ethics: Divergence and Convergence by Susan Armstrong, Richard Botzler, Susan Armstrong, and Richard Botzler (2003) u. Environmental Ethics: An Overview for the Twenty. First Century by Robin Attfield (2003) Ayo NUTN website 14

books u. Case Studies in Environmental Ethics by Patrick Derr (2003) u. The Environmental Ethics and Policy Book: Philosophy, Ecology, Economics by Donald Van De. Veer and Christine Pierce (2002) Ayo NUTN website 15

books u. Environmental Ethics: An Anthology (Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies) by Andrew Light and Holmes, III Rolston (2002) u. Environmental Ethics: What Really Matters, What Really Works by David Schmidtz and Elizabeth Willott (2001) Ayo NUTN website 16

books u. Environmental Ethics uby Michael Boylan (2000) u. Publisher: Pearson u Natural Capitalism Creating the Next Industrial Revolution, by Paul Hawken, L. Hunter Lovins, Amory B. Lovins, Amory Lovins, L. Hunter Lovins (2000) Ayo NUTN website 17

自然之道即十架之路 u. The way of nature is the way of the Cross. u 環境倫理的前題在於對鄉土的認同感，因為我們 要在自己的鄉土具體展現生命。 -- 羅斯頓 u Life is incarnate in place. . Environmental ethics requires a feeling of identity with local place. -- Holmes Rolston Ayo NUTN website 24

Environmental Ethics An Introduction to Environmental Philosophy Part I Basic Concepts (基本概念) Part II Environmental Ethics and applied ethics (環境倫理與應用倫理) Part III Theories of environmental ethics (環境倫理的理論) Des Jardins, J. R. (2006) Environmental Ethics: An Introduction to Environmental Philosophy. Thomson Wadsworth. Ayo NUTN website 26

Environmental Ethics Part I Basic Concepts (基本概念) u Chap. 1 Science, Ethics, and the Environment u Chap. 2 Ethical theory and the Environment Part II Environmental Ethics and applied ethics u Chap. 3 Ethics and economics: managing public lands u Chap. 4 Responsibilities to future generations: sustainable development u Chap. 5 Responsibilities to the natural world: from anthropocentric to nonanthropocentric ethics Ayo NUTN website 27

Environmental Ethics Part III Theories of environmental ethics u Chap. 6 Biocentric ethics (生命中心倫理)and the inherent value of life (生命的內在價值) u Chap. 7 Wilderness, ecology, and ethics u Chap. 8 The Land Ethic (土地倫理) u Chap. 9 Deep Ecology (深層生態學) u Chap. 10 Environmental Justice and social Ecology(環境正義與社會生態學) u Chap. 11 Ecofeminism (生態女性主義) u Chap. 12 Pluralism(多元論), pragmatism(實用主義), and sustainability(永續力) Ayo NUTN website 28

學術期刊 u. Environmental Ethics Journal http: //www. cep. unt. edu/enethics. html An Interdisciplinary Journal Dedicated to the Philosophical Aspects of Environmental Problems Ayo NUTN website 29

網路資源 u Environmental ethics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Environmental_ethics u Environmental Ethics: An Introduction, by Ernest Partridge University of California, Riverside http: //gadfly. igc. org/eethics/Intro-ee. htm u Environmental Ethics, compiled by Prof. Ron Epstein http: //online. sfsu. edu/~rone/Environ/Enviroethics. htm u Environmental Ethics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) http: //plato. stanford. edu/entries/ethics-environmental/ u Multimedia Resources on Environmental Ethics http: //ethics. sandiego. edu/Applied/Environment/index. asp u Applied Ethics Resources on WWW http: //www. ethicsweb. ca/resources/environmental/index. html u Environmental Ethics Journal http: //www. cep. unt. edu/enethics. html u Center for Environmental philosophy http: //www. cep. unt. edu/ Ayo NUTN website 30

國立台南大學圖書館 環境倫理學圖書目錄 (2/19/2009) u Bowers , C. A. (1995) Educating for an ecologically sustainable culture : rethinking moral education, creativity, intelligence, and other modern orthodoxies. State University of New York Press (304. 207 B 786) u Connelly, James. and Smith Graham (2003) Politics and the environment : from theory to practice. Routledge. (363. 7056 C 752 2003) u Daly, Herman E. , and Kenneth N. Townsend (1993) Valuing the earth : economics, ecology. The MIT Press. (333. 72 V 215) u Fox, Michael W (2004) Killer foods : when scientists manipulate genes, better is not always best. Guilford, Conn. : Lyons Press. (641. 3 F 793) u Hayden, Patrick (2005) Cosmopolitan global politics. (172. 4 H 415) Ayo NUTN website 33

u Haydon, Graham (2006) Education, philosophy and the ethical environment. Routledge. (370. 114 H 416 -1) u Hursthouse, Rosalind (2000) Ethics, humans, and other animals : an introduction with readings. Routledge. (179. 3 H 967) u Malachowski, Alan R. (2001) Business ethics : critical perspectives on business and management. Routledge (174. 4 B 979) u Mathews, Freya (1991) The ecological self. Routledge. (110 M 429) u Parekh, Sarad R. (2004 ed. ) The GMO handbook : genetically modified animals, microbes, and plants in biotechnology. Humana Press (660. 6 G 569) u Shapiro, Leland S. (2000) Applied animal ethics. Delmar. (179. 3 S 529). Ayo NUTN website 34

http: //myweb. nutn. edu. tw/~hycheng/

問題 0. 1： u. Technological solutions to Environmental problems? u(科技終究可化解環境的問題嗎？) n n Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring in 1962. 殺蟲劑(農藥)的使用，農業生產與環境健康 基因轉殖農作物與食品，經濟利益與生態問題 Our culture has a profound belief in science as the ultimate authority on questions of knowledge and truth. Ayo NUTN website 37