Environmental Biotechnology and Petrochemical Industry The term biotechnology

Environmental Biotechnology and Petrochemical Industry

The term "biotechnology" from different perspectives and presents the historical evolution of biotechnology. It is important to note that prior to the popularity of the all -embracing term biotechnology, most biologically based technology was defined by terms such as applied microbiology, applied biochemistry, enzyme technology, bioengineering, applied genetics and applied biology. In fact, by encompassing all biologically based technologies and by relying on knowledge assembled and methods developed by many of these disciplines, biotechnology can be considered as a group of inter-related technologies that are applicable to a broad range of industries – manufacturing as well as agriculture.

n Doubtless, history will describe our time as the oil based society. Nature took 500 millions years to accumulate the world’s oil. A century ago the oil exploitation began, first as a source of energy and now as a source both of energy and raw material. Now, the contemporary society is highly dependent on the oil supply for energy, transportation, food production, and in general, industrial production. Experts agree that the world’s petroleum will be consumed in two centuries.

n The inexorable production peak is estimated to occur sometime between 2010 and 2020 and then the oil resources will be drastically reduced at the end of this century. n Shortly after the production peak, the more expensive fuel sources as hard-toextract oil deposits, tarry sands, and synfuels from coal will be brought to the front of production.

Petrochemical Industry characteristics The Petrochemical Industry is based upon the production of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas. The structure of the petrochemical industry is extremely complex, involving thousands of chemicals and processes. It is severely cross linked, with the products of one process being the feedstock of many others. For most chemicals the production route from feed stocks to final products is not unique, but include many possible alternatives. As complicated, as it may seem, however this structure is comprehensible,

Petrochemical Industry characteristics At the beginning of the production chain are the raw feedstock: petroleum and natural gas. From these are feedstock produced a relatively small number of important building blocks. These primarily include the lower olefins and aromatics as ethylene, propylene, butylenes, butadiene, benzene, toluene and xylenes.

GREEN CONCEPT BEGINS AT BASE INGREDIENTS? Petrochemicals? Benzene ring structure from petroleum is very stable which will not allow petrochemical based products to be readily biodegradable.

THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY SYSTEM IS A LARGE, COMPLEX, AND CONSTANTLY IS CHANGING INDUSTRY. HERE ARE MORE THAN 8000 DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS IN COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION. Then It is Necessary to restore our Petrochemical Industry as a foundation of Industrial development in order to add more value to the industrial chains beginning with our resources on hydrocarbons.