Enterprise Resource Planning 1 st Edition by Mary
Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner Chapter 5: ERP System: Accounting and Finance © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner 1
Objectives • • Understand ERP accounting and financial system Review(重新探討) the interrelationships among business processes supporting finance and accounting © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner 2
© Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner 3
Accounting Processes: Operational • Operational – Production of transactions( 交易) • Paychecks(付 薪水的支票), invoices, checks, purchase orders(採購訂 單) © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner 4
Accounting Process: Management Control Processes • Budgeting(預算) – • Cash management – – • Cash flow analysis What-if(若則) analysis Capital budgeting (資金預算) – • Analysis of allocations, expenditures, revenues( 收入) Evaluation tools: NPV, IRR, pay-back period Investment management © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner 5
Accounting Systems v. ERP Modules • ERP – – • Information shares integrated database Provides up-to-date information Seamless(無限的) Creates document flow of transactions Accounting systems – Manual or separate transfer of information – Multiple platforms © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner 6
Accounting and Financial Systems • Traditional – Provide operational-level software • • Produce invoices, checks, statements(結算單) Financial accounting – Financial statements for external reporting(外界的報告) purposes • Management accounting – Information on profitability(利益) © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner 7
利益 完成的 子公司 查帳蹤跡 © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner 8
ERP Financial Accounting Module • External reporting – – • Includes accounts receivable subsystem – – • Set by general accounting standards Legal(法律的) requirements Interfaces(介面) with cash management Monitors accounts and updates, handles payments, creates due date(期限) lists, produces statements Accounts payable – Handles payments, applies available discounts to maximize profits © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner 9
Management Accounting Modules • Internal accounting perspectives for directing and controlling operations Information on variances(差別) between planned and actual data Key activities • • – – – – • Cost center accounting(成本中心會計) Internal orders as a basis for collecting and controlling costs Activity-based costing(基於活動的成本核算) of business processes Product cost controlling for profitability analysis Profitability analysis by market segment Profit center(利益中心) accounting of individual areas of organization Consolidation(聯合) of financial data for accounting perspectives Enable management to better allocate resources, maximizing profitability and performance Central clearinghouse(票據交換所) for accounting information © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner 10
ERP Systems • Provide on-line, real-time data – Operational data • • • – Feedback(回報) on quality and efficiency of processes Information must be timely and specific Used for real-time operational control ABC data • • • Information on profitability and products Real-time(即時) data Estimates(估計) are sufficient Strategic information Basis for continuing improvement(持續改善) to operations © Prentice Hall, 2005: Enterprise Resource Planning, 1 st Edition by Mary Sumner 11
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