ENT 214 Biomechanics INTRODUCTION to BIOMECHANICS Mohd Yusof

ENT 214 Biomechanics INTRODUCTION to BIOMECHANICS Mohd Yusof Baharuddin BBiomed. Eng(UM) MBiomed. Eng(Melbourne) myusof@unimap. edu. my Picture from Mister. Bisson Flickr pages

OBJECTIVES Ø Define the terms biomechanics, static, dynamics, kinematics, and kinetics and explain the ways in which they are related.

Introduction What is Biomechanics?

What is biomechanics? bio mechanics Application of mechanical principles in the study of living organisms

Sub-branches of biomechanics: Statics Østudy of systems in constant motion Øincluding zero motion Dynamics Østudy of systems subject to acceleration

Sub-branches of biomechanics: Ø kinematics: study of the appearance or description of motion Ø kinetics: study of the actions of forces

What is kinesiology? the study of human movement

Kinesiology Biomechanics Exercise physiology Adapted physical education Motor behavior Sport history Sport philosophy Athletic training Pedagogy Sport art Sport psychology

Sports Medicine an umbrella term that encompasses both clinical and scientific aspects of exercise and sport

Sports Medicine Biomechanics Exercise physiology Physical therapy Motor control Sport psychology Athletic training Cardiac rehabilitation Sport nutrition Athletic training Other medical specialties

Qualitative vs. Quantitative: Ø qualitative: pertaining to quality (without the use of numbers) Ø quantitative: involving numbers

Solving Formal Quantitative Problems: Ø Read the problem carefully. Ø List the given information. Ø Write down what quantity is to be solved for. Ø Draw a diagram of the problem situation

Solving Formal Quantitative Problems: Ø Select the appropriate formula to use. Ø Review the problem statement to determine if more information can be inferred. Ø Substitute the given information into the formula.

Solving Formal Quantitative Problems: Ø Solve the equation for the unknown variable. Ø Do a “common sense” check of the answer. Ø Box in your answer, including the correct units of measurement.

History of Biomechanics Ø Aristotle (384 -322 BC) – Ø Leonardo da Vinci (1452 -1519) – – Ø Modeled muscles Considered the body as separate segments Galileo Galilei (1564 -1642) – – Ø Father of Kinesiology “Nature is written in mathematical symbols” Applied mechanics to animal movement Alfonso Giovanni Borelli (1608 -1679) – – Synthesized the ideas of da Vinci and Galileo Applied the laws of mechanics and mathematics to muscular performance

Select Historical Contributors Etienne Marey Eadweard Muybridge (1830 -1904)

So, why study Biomechanics? Application Exercise and Sports Sciences 1. Performance enhancement Ø Injury prevention and rehabilitation 2. Athletic competition Ø Exercise / training / recreational sports Ø Activities of daily living

Application Performance Enhancement Ø Pitching analysis Ø Individualized sport technique Ø Application of soccer style technique in football place kicking Ø Balance assessment for fall prediction in elderly Ø Ergonomic work place design

Application Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Ø Ø Ø Biomechanics of the knee joint following ACL surgery Sport shoes and their role in motion control and shock absorption Landing mechanics indicative of a female predisposition to ACL injury Examination of the role of soft tissue motion on joint loading and injury Heading and head injury in youth soccer