ENS 207 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS Lecture 4 Orthographic projections

PROJECTION THEORY The projection theory is used to graphically represent 3 -D objects on

MEANING Orthographic projection is a parallel projection technique in which the parallel lines of

Line of sight is an imaginary ray of light between an observer’s eye and

Which Views to Present? General Guidelines Pick a Front View that is most descriptive

Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections First Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by

First Versus Third Angle Projection n Third Angle Projection Associated with English units ANSI

Conventional Orthographic Views Width Top View Front View AU 2005 Depth Right Side View

Step 1 – Lightly Block Three Views Use very light lines for drawing in

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FO R . OR S. V FRONT VIEW L.

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW . OR F S. V X FO

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW R FO . S. V FO R

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW . R O F L. H. SIDE

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW . R O F S. V X

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW FO R R O F F. V

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 450 30 FV 40 X Y FO 30 D

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE

HIDDEN LINES Hidden lines are used to represent surfaces that are not directly visible

SLANTED SURFACES Slanted surfaces are surfaces that are not parallel to either the horizontal

COMPOUND LINES A compound line is formed when two slanted surfaces intersect. The true

OBLIQUE SURFACES Oblique surfaces are surfaces that do not appear correctly shaped in the

ROUNDED SURFACES Rounded surfaces are surfaces that have constant radii, such as arcs or

CASTINGS Casting is one of the oldest manufacturing processes. Metal is heated to liquid

Slides: 33

Download presentation

ENS 207 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS Lecture 4: Orthographic projections, Multiview drawing 1

PROJECTION THEORY The projection theory is used to graphically represent 3 -D objects on 2 -D media (paper, computer screen). The projection theory is based on two variables: 1) Line of sight 2) Plane of projection (image plane or picture plane)

MEANING Orthographic projection is a parallel projection technique in which the parallel lines of sight are perpendicular to the projection plane

Line of sight is an imaginary ray of light between an observer’s eye and an object. There are 2 types of LOS : parallel and converge Parallel projection Perspective projection Line of sight

Which Views to Present? General Guidelines Pick a Front View that is most descriptive of object Normally the longest dimension is chosen as the width (or depth) Most common combination of views is to use: Front, Top, and Side Views other than the Principal Views are called Auxiliary Views 5

AU 2005 8

Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections First Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object Third Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object in 1 st Quadrant in 3 rd Quadrant. ( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y ) ( Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y ) TV FV X TV Y X Y FV G L

First Versus Third Angle Projection n Third Angle Projection Associated with English units ANSI Symbol n First Angle Projection Associated with SI units

Conventional Orthographic Views Width Top View Front View AU 2005 Depth Right Side View Height 16

Step 1 – Lightly Block Three Views Use very light lines for drawing in the construction lines AU 2005 17

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FO R . OR S. V FRONT VIEW L. H. SIDE VIEW F. V . F x PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD y TOP VIEW

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW . OR F S. V X FO R Y F. V . TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD L. H. SIDE VIEW

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW R FO . S. V FO R F. V . X Y TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD L. H. SIDE VIEW

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW . R O F L. H. SIDE VIEW S. V FO PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD R F. V X. Y TOP VIEW

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW . R O F S. V X FO R L. H. SIDE VIEW Y F. V . TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW FO R R O F F. V X. Y . V. S TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD L. H. SIDE VIEW

FOR T. V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 450 30 FV 40 X Y FO 30 D R F. V . TV 40 O PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 40 15

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 30 FOR T. V. FV RECT. SLOT 10 50 35 10 X 20 D FO R TV F. V . 60 D 30 D TOP VIEW O Y

HIDDEN LINES Hidden lines are used to represent surfaces that are not directly visible in an orthographic view.

SLANTED SURFACES Slanted surfaces are surfaces that are not parallel to either the horizontal or vertical axis.

PROJECTION BETWEEN VIEWS

COMPOUND LINES A compound line is formed when two slanted surfaces intersect. The true length of a compound line is not shown in the front, top, or side views.

OBLIQUE SURFACES Oblique surfaces are surfaces that do not appear correctly shaped in the front, top, or side views

ROUNDED SURFACES Rounded surfaces are surfaces that have constant radii, such as arcs or circles. Surfaces that do not have constant radii are classified as irregular surfaces

CASTINGS Casting is one of the oldest manufacturing processes. Metal is heated to liquid form, then poured into molds and allowed to cool. The resulting shapes usually include many rounded edges and surface tangencies