Enlight 6 French Philosophes DUE NOTES 1 Who

Enlight #6: French Philosophes DUE: NOTES 1. Who said that an absolute monarchy is the best form of government? 2. Who said that all people are born with the right to life, liberty, and property? 3. Who fought for everyone to have freedom of speech? 4. What does heliocentric mean? 5. The Palace of Versailles was the very extravagant home of who?

French Philosophes • Enlightenment philosophers – Opposed to king’s extravagance and unquestioned power

Baron de Montesquieu (1700 s) • Separation of Powers: Power in gov should be divided among different groups – thus no tyranny

• Advocated 3 branches of gov (from Roman Republic) 1. Executive: carries out laws 2. Legislative: writes laws 3. Judicial: interpret laws

“Power should be a check to power” • Checks & Balances: 1 branch can stop another – Ex: Pres can veto (reject) a law passed by Congress • Congress can override (undo) a veto

Jean Jacques Rousseau (1700 s) • Humans are born ! good • Believed that society makes us worse, not better (like most Enlight. thinkers)

“Man is born free & everywhere he is in chains. ”

His Social Contract said • The only good gov is one formed by the people’s consent (agreement) • All people are equal – NO nobility

What is an encyclopedia?

Encyclopedia

Enlightenment Philosophy 1. Read article on Diderot. 1. Who was Diderot? What did he create? 2. What information was in this book? Give 2 examples. 3. What was in this that was previously secret? 4. Who had controlled information in the past? 5. Why were the king and church upset at it? 6. How did the king react to the second volume? 7. What did Diderot do as result? 8. How did this encyclopedia represent Enlightenment values? Give 2 specific pieces of evidence and explain each.

Fix it! • Fix all the problems with the MLA formatting! • When do you use IN-TEXT CITATIONS? – When you are NOT using your words • Quotes • Heavily paraphrased – Statistics • 10/10 love chocolate chip cookies

MLA & Sources • Cite this source: – Your textbook – Modern World History California Edition: Patterns of Interaction by Roger B. Beck, Published by Mc. Dougall Littell Houghton in 2006. • In-text citation for a quote on pg. 166

Share a Google Doc • Answer: – Who is your character? Biography – What do they believe about gov’t? – What do they believe about the role of the people in the gov’t? • Be able to justify their response • Use at least one person actual quote from the

4. Who had controlled information in the past? 5. Why were the king and church upset at it? 6. How did the king react to the second volume? 7. What did Diderot do as result? 8. How did this encyclopedia represent Enlightenment values? 2. Voltaire quotes 2. Pick 3 quotes: (A) Paraphrase – put in your own words (B) Is he right? Explain. 3. Biography on philosopher 2. Pick 1: Write down the name and then: A. Write down 3 -4 of their main beliefs. B. Read the quote (at the bottom) and explain what it means.

Enlight #7: More philosophes Journal: Are women treated fairly and equally in today’s society? Explain your answer with 2 -3 specific reasons. (4 -6 sentences) Due Dates: q Th/Fri: Your section of the Salon #4, 5, or 6 q Th/Fri: Quiz on Enlightenment (10 m/c questions)

• Education for girls was limited usually to training to become a wife & mother Rousseau wrote books supporting this idea • Mary Wollstonecraft: Wrote a Vindication of the Rights of Women in 1792 • She wanted equal education for men & women “If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves? ” Mary Astell

• Leads to equal opportunities – Women could be doctors, not just nurses – Could financially care for themselves & not rely on a husband – Still encouraged motherhood – Her daughter – Mary Shelley – writes Frankenstein

Cesare Beccaria • Wrote On Crimes & Punishments (anonymously) • Punishment should deter (stop/hinder) crime & be fair – not be revenge • Ppl accused of crimes should receive a speedy & fair trial • Torture & the death penalty should never be used