Enhancing Library Catalogs for Music John Anderies Music
Enhancing Library Catalogs for Music John Anderies Music Librarian Haverford College Tri-College Consortium Conference on Music & Technology in the Liberal Arts Environment June 22, 2004 Hamilton College
Overview • Text based enhancements • Visual resource enhancements • Music related enhancements – Organizational changes: FRBR – Notated incipits – Audio content – Score images
Why enhance records • Replicates the browse shelf environment • Increases use – 26, 490 items (HM monographs) added between 99 -02 – 10, --- with no TOC circulated 1. 35 times on average – 16, --- with TOC circulated 2. 39 times on average • Promotes the identification of needed item • Information may be used in collections development • You tell me!
Text-based enhancements • Enhancements – TOC – Publisher descriptions – Full text – Reviews
ONIX • Acronym for “ONline Information e. Xchange” • A standard designed to facilitate exchange of bibliographic information from publishers to booksellers • Maintained by EDIt. EUR in conjunction with BISG (US) and BIC (UK) • Contains elements that go beyond what MARC record contains, including some multimedia files: – – – Front and back cover images Publishers’ descriptions Book reviews Excerpts/sample chapters Related sound/video files
BEAT • Acronym for “Bibliographic Enrichment Advisory Team” • A program of the Library of Congress Cataloging Directorate • Initiatives to add data to bibliographic records, including: – d. TOC – digital tables of contents – ONIX Descriptions – publishers’ descriptions of books – ONIX Sample Texts – excerpts, cover images
LC Catalog records • In the public display in LC’s catalog, there might be an extra section called “Links” with (for example): – Links: Sample text – Links: Publisher description – Links: Table of contents • An example of an LC bib record with all three enhancements is: The Evolutionary emergence of language : social function and the origins of linguistic form / edited by Chris Knight, Michael Studdert-Kennedy, James R. Hurford. (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
LC Browse Screen
LC bib record with links
LC MARC Record
LC Sample text
LC Publisher description
Third party enhancements • Blackwell (TOCs back to 1991) • Syndetic Solutions (also cover art and sample texts) • New venture among college libraries, CLIR, Mellon, RLG, DLF, ARL for pre-1990 monographs – Robert Kieft, “Collaborative Project to Enhance Library Catalog Browsing” CLIR Issues, no. 36, March/April 2004
Visual resources enhancements Digital assets management Modules purchased from (DAM) systems ILS vendors • • • The Museum System MDID Luna Canto from Cumulus DLXS (open source) Vernon Systems Multi Mimsy Content. DM Greenstone (opensource) Fedora • Innovative (MAP and Web. Bridge) • SIRSI (Hyperion: Digital Media Archive) • Endeavor (ENCompass for Digital Collections) • Ex libris (ALEPH Digital Asset Module (ADAM)) • GEAC (none, but has Syndetic Solutions) • Dynix (Horizon Digital Library) • VTLS (Vital)
Music related enhancements • • FRBR Incipits Audio Score images
The FRBR Model Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records • Report published in 1997 by IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutes) • Conceptual model of the entities and relationships inherent in the bibliographic universe independent of any cataloging code or implementation • Within the context of a changing cataloging environment
w 1 Shakespeare’s Hamlet e 1 translation to French by André Gide m 1 1930 publication by La Tortue i 1 copy at BMC Rare Book Room FRBR Entities • Group 1 Entities “products of intellectual and artistic endeavor” – Work (a distinct intellectual or artistic creation; an abstract entity) – Expression (the intellectual or artistic realization of a work; an abstract entity) – Manifestation (the physical embodiment of an expression of a work; a concrete entity) – Item (a single exemplar of a manifestation; a concrete entity)
FRBR Entities • Group 2 Entities “those responsible for the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and dissemination, or the custodianship of the entities in the first group” – Person (an individual) – Corporate Body (an organization or group of individuals and/or organizations acting as a unit)
FRBR Entities • Group 3 Entities “subjects of works” – Concept (an abstract notion or idea) – Object (a material thing) – Event (an action or occurrence) – Place (a location)
FRBR Relationships: Within Group 1 Work w 1 J. S. Bach’s Goldberg variations e 1 performance by Glenn Gould recorded in 1981 m 1 recording released on 33 1/3 rpm sound disc in 1982 is realized through by CBS Records i 1 copy held at SC m 2 recording re-released on compact disc in 1993 by Sony i 1 first copy held at HC i 2 second copy held atin HC is embodied e 2 performance by Ton Koopman recorded in 1987 m 1 recording released on compact disc in 1988 by Erato Also: i 1 copy held at HC • worke 3 tokeyboard work score edited by Ralph Kirkpatrick is exemplified by • expression to m expression 1 edition published in 1938 by G. Shirmer i 1 copy held at BMC • manifestation to manifestation Expression Manifestation • item to item • whole to part Item
FRBR Relationships: Between Entities • Between Group 1 and Group 2 Entities Work Expression Manifestation Item is created by is realized by is produced by is owned by Person Corporate body • Between Group 1 and Group 3 Entities Concept is the subject of Work
FRBR Uses • Save time (works need only be cataloged once, etc. ); easier cataloging • Searches produce better results • Brings together multiple manifestations in music • Better logic and organization • VTLS Virtua’s “FRBR-ized” Catalog • Innovative developing a FRBR “key” • OCLC trials / XWC (Extended World. Cat) • RLG Web Union Catalog / Red. Light. Green • Indiana University’s Variations 2 Digital Music Library
Incipits • MARBI/RISM – Machine-Readable Bibliographic Information committee (ALA) – Répertoire International des Sources Musicales / International Inventory of Musical Sources • Discussion Paper 2004 -DP 01: Changes Needed to Accommodate RISM Data--Music Incipits • Plaine & Easie Code / DARMS • http: //www. loc. gov/marc/marbi/2004 dp 01. html
Audio • Linking to streaming audio via field 856 – Full content providers such as Classical Music Library, Naxos Music Library, etc. – Digital surrogates a la Indiana University’s Variations Digital Music Library • Linking individual tracks in place of contents note (like TOC enhancements) – Short clips like in Amazon, B&N, Borders, etc.
Audio • Potential players: – Indivdual music libraries – OCLC – LC BEAT committee – MARBI – Loudeye. com • Perhaps a project for CLIR, Mellon, and others
Scores • See Jenn Riley’s list of online scanned score collections (on our conference blog) • How representation of score images might effect the design of library catalog interfaces – LC’s “I Hear America Singing”
- Slides: 26